EDMONTON FORMATION 



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same seam'^ (Tyrrell: Annual Eeport Canadian Geological Survey, vol- 

 ume ii, page 61E (new series), 1886). Where first seen it is from 4 to 6 

 feet thiek, impure in quality, 

 and is composed of layers of 

 pure coal separated by bands 

 of clay and shale. At this 

 point it is bedded on an un- 

 even surface of rust-brown 

 sandstone and gravel. It is 

 (exposed for 4()() yards down- 

 stream, where it disappears or 

 dips under the tree-covered 

 bank. For the next few miles 

 it appears first on one side, 

 then on the opposite side, 

 wherever there is a cut hank. 

 Al)ont 5 miles upstream from 

 the present crossing of the 

 Grand Trunk Eailroad the big 

 vein is about 18 feet thick 

 where exposed on the north 

 bank. Tliis coal vein, pn ac- 

 count of its widespread distri- 

 bution separating as it does 

 strata of markedly different 

 character and different faunae, 

 is considered by Tyrrell to be 

 the upper limit of the Creta- 

 ceous strata, an opinion in 

 which I concur. But the un- 

 derlying Cretaceous rocks are, 

 as I shall show later by the 

 vertebrate fossils, older than 

 before suspected. 



Under the big vein several 

 thinner coal seams appear at 

 intervals and the intervening 

 sediments change rapidly in 

 character. In color they are 

 much lighter than the olive 

 shales above; in some places 





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