BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 

 Vol. 25, p. 406 September i5, i914 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



XEW METHODS OF RESTORIX(; EOTITAXOPS AXD 

 BROyTOTHERlLM' 



BY HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN 



{Read before the PaleonfoJogkal Society December 31, 1013) 



An advance in method based on very. thorough study of the muscula- 

 ture of the Perissodactyla has been adopted in restoring Eotitanops and 

 Brontotherium as representing the first and the last stage of this great 

 family of titanotheres. Dr. W. K. Gregory assisted by Mr. Erwin Christ- 

 man undertook an exhaustive research on the rayolog}' of the titanotheres 

 based on the detailed studies of the anatomy of the lioi-se and tapir by 

 Schmalz, Murie, Windle, Parsons, and others. On this basis the super- 

 ficial musculature of Palfposyops and of Brontops has been almost com- 

 pletely restored, giving the special significance of all the areas of origin 

 and insertion of the various muscles and tendons. 



With this knowle<lge in hand, the restoration of Brontotherium was 

 undertaken afresh and a very precise scale drawing of the skeleton of 

 Brontops robuj<tus was projected with the complete musculature. With 

 these data the modeling of Eotitanops, a largely conjectural .skeleton, and 

 of Brontops, a fully known skeleton, was undertaken by Mr. C'hristman 

 under the direction of the author. The result is a far more authentic 

 restoration of both of these animals tlian any which has been attempted 

 or published. Xow that these typical perissodactyls have been restored 

 in this thorough manner, the same muscle data and methods may be em- 

 ployed in the restoration of other i>eriss(Klactyls with increasing approxi- 

 mation to the truth. 



F'lorRK 1. — FiiMt and last knoim stayer in the f: volution of the Titanotheres 

 Models by F>win Christman. under direction of tho author, December. 1913 



* Manuscript received by the Secretary of the Geological Society June 15, 1914. 

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