170 DE. C. W. ANDREWS OX LOWER MIOCENE [June 1914, 



the roots of the molars are well formed, and clearly separated from 

 the crown ; they are closed at the ends, except for the entrance 

 of the nerve. They are two in number, each extending transversely 

 across the tooth. The crown of the tooth is entirely covered by 

 enamel, which in the anterior premolars is smooth, but in the 

 hypsodont teeth is raised into faint irregular ridges at right 

 angles to the long axis of the tooth. On the crown the dentine 

 is worn into deep hollows surrounded by enamel, highest at the 

 outer side and at the angle formed by the metaconid. 



The determination of the position in the series of the above- 

 described teeth is difficult, since it is uncertain whether there was 

 not at least one other tooth behind those preserved. This is rendered 

 the more probable, because the collection includes an isolated tooth 

 which shows traces of a posterior third lobe (PI. XXVIII, figs. 5 & 

 5 a), and would therefore probably be the last lower molar. If this 

 be the only molar missing from the jaw, then the teeth preserved 

 would be pm 3 , pm 4 , m t , m 2 , while the roots and alveoli in front would 

 indicate the presence of pin,, pm 2 , the whole of the premolars and 

 molars forming a continuous series. This interpretation is further 

 supported by the circumstance that the tooth here regarded as m t is 

 much more worn than the tooth in front (pm 4 ). If this view of 

 the nature of the teeth be correct, then it is. clear that the increasing" 

 hypsodonty had already affected the last premolar. The incisor is 

 represented by its root only ; it was procumbent, and transversely 

 elongate in section. It is not clear whether a second pair of incisors 

 was present, nor can the existence of a canine be made out. 



The affinities of this small mammal are difficult to determine ; but 

 it seems most likely that it is a very small Hyracoid, in which the 

 molars have become extremely hypsodont. The chief reason for 

 this interpretation is founded on the number and, judging from pm 4 , 

 on the form of the premolars, which are very similar to those in the 

 young Syr ax and perhaps still more to those in Sagliatlieriitm. 

 Again, the form of the tooth-crown in the molars is very similar 

 to that observed in much-worn molars of the more hypsodont 

 species of Hyrax. 



The occurrence of an upper molar (PL XXVIII, figs. (5 a & 6 b), 

 probably belonging to the same species, supports the A-iew that I 

 have taken as to its Hyracoid affinities. This tooth is a very 

 hypsodont prismatic molar, which shows a wear pattern that 

 might be easily derived from a Hyracoid molar. The ectoloph 

 consists of a well- developed parastyle, an antero-external cusp (para- 

 cone) and a postero- external cusp (metacone), all of which form 

 prominent vertical ridges on the outer face ; there does not appear 

 to be any mesostyle. The inner part of the tooth is composed 

 of two transverse crests (protoloph and metaloph), the inner end 

 of the protoloph being somewhat imperfect. Each crest seems 

 to be made up of a smaller middle tubercle (protoconule and 

 nietaconule respectively) and a larger inner tubercle (protocone 

 and hypocone respectively) ; these are separated on the inner face of 

 the toc+h by a deep vertical cleft. Tn wear, two islands of cement 



