182 



DE. C. W. ANDREWS OX LOWER MIOCENE [June 1914, 



a straight line. If this scapula belonged to Testudo crassa, it 

 indicates that that species sometimes attained a much greater size 

 than the type-specimen. The long diameter of the glenoid cavity 

 of this specimen is about 9 centimetres, the same as in the scapula 

 of T. gigantea, above referred to. 



There are some fragments of a very massive shell, which probably 

 belonged to one of these gigantic individuals. 



Group Pleurodira. 



This group is represented by an incomplete shell of a very young 

 individual (fig. 3, below) of a species of Podocnemis from Bed 22 

 at Kachuku. The specimen is imperfect peripherally, all the 



Fig. 3. — Shell of a species of Podocnemis from Bed 22 at 

 KachuTcu, about three quarters of the natural size. 



A. 



B. 



fyg- 



A = Carapace. 



B = Plastron. 



marginals being lost. There are six neurals, of which the first 

 five are hexagonal in outline, with the antero-lateral side short; 

 the sixth is pentagonal, and its posterior angle projects between and 

 partly separates the inner ends of the sixth pair of costals ; while 

 the seventh and eighth pairs of costals meet in the middle line. 

 As in the young of several species of Podocnemis, the neurals bear 

 a slight keel-like median ridge, most highly developed on the 

 fourth and fifth. The form of the epidermal shields will be best 

 understood from the figure. 



