230 THE GLACIAL GEOLOGY OF EAST LANCASHIRE. [June 1914,. 



In conclusion, he wished to ask whether a flow of the Lake- 

 Country ice across the debris of the Ribblesdale ice-stream might 

 not more simply explain the mixture of drifts west of Walsden. 



Prof. T. W. Edge worth David stated that this interesting- 

 paper suggested to him an analogue between the glacial conditions 

 just outlined for East Lancashire, and those of the Ross Region 

 of Antarctica. The Ross Barrier might be compared with the 

 Irish-Sea ice, and any of the great glaciers which join with it and 

 nourish it with the Ribblesdale ice. Even now, the Ross-Barrier 

 ice-sheet climbs slopes, and thrusts up marine muds for a vertical 

 distance of 300 feet (formerly 800 feet), and it has accomplished 

 this work at distances of at least 300 to 400 miles from the snouts 

 of the great glaciers which push against its extreme southern 

 margin. He wished to ask the Author whether in East Lancashire 

 he had observed upthrust marine muds derived from the floor of 

 the Irish Sea. The thickness assumed for the Irish-Sea ice 

 (2000 feet), agreed well with the former thickness of the Ross- 

 Barrier ice-sheet. 



He congratulated the Author on a paper which advanced our know- 

 ledge of the Glacial deposits of Lancashire, a branch of geological 

 knowledge to which Mr. Tiddeman had already made such 

 important contributions for Lancashire, Prof. Kendall for York- 

 shire and adjacent areas, and Mr. Lamplugh for the Isle-of-Man 

 development of the ice-sheet of the Irish Sea. The paper seemed 

 of especial value in regard to the detailed tracing of the lakes 

 which formed between the Pennines and the retreating edge of 

 the Irish Sea ice-sheet, and also with reference to the careful 

 survey of the overflow valleys discharging eastwards across the 

 water-parting of the Pennines, 



He stated that the Author's suggestion that the undisturbed 

 character of certain sandy beds under Lancashire Drift might be 

 due to the sand being compactly frozen at the time, recalled an 

 interesting paper by the President on the pre-Mesozoic glacial beds 

 in the Varanger Fjord. Dr. Strahan had recorded in that paper 

 that Mr. L. L. Belinfante had offered a similar explanation for a 

 similar occurrence in the Varanger Fjord. 



Mr. Gr. W. Lamplugh congratulated the Author on his choice 

 of an area which combined so admirably with the previous work. 

 He commented on the similarity of glacial conditions on both sides 

 of the Irish-Sea Basin and on the eastern side of the North Sea. 

 In all three cases the local ice-floAv was pent in and deflected along 

 the bordering uplands. The Southern Pennines appear to have 

 had curiously little influence as a contributory area, but to have 

 been glaciated only where invaded. During the period of recession 

 there must have been an enormous quantity of water pouring over 

 the middle of England, as the overflow-channels and other pheno- 

 mena indicate persistently an inland flow from both sides of the 

 country. It was not yet clear where all this water ultimately 

 went. 



Dr. J. W. Evans remarked that, when the Author inferred from 



