TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS 77 



TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE MORNING SESSION 

 AND DISCUSSIONS THEREON 

 GEOLOGY AS A BASIS OF CITIZENSHIP 

 BY JOSEPH E. POGTJE 



{Abstract) 



Changing economic circumstances in the United States are placing a grow- 

 ing emphasis on the efficient utilization of mineral resources. An effective 

 outcome in this direction will depend on a wide-spread public appreciation of 

 the basic facts of mineral resource limitatons and capabilities. As these basic 

 facts are drawn from the science of geology, the ultimate responsibility is 

 here. Coordinated effort on the part of the geologists of the country, expressed 

 through the Federal Geological Sur^^ey, the State surveys, universities, mu- 

 seums, and other educational agencies, and through numerous contributions 

 to popular literature, will go far toward giving to the average citizen a more 

 effective basis of citizenship. 



Eead by title in the absence of the author. 



SOURCES AND TENDENCIES IN AMERICAN GEOLOGY 

 BY JOSEPH BARBELL 



i Abstract) 



In the revaluation of general ideas going forward at the present time, rang- 

 ing from politics to science, a question which concerns us is that relating to 

 the trend of geologic research. This involves a review of the past in order to 

 gain our bearings for the future. 



The foundations of geology were laid in Great Britain and France. At the 

 present time America is a leading contributor to both geologic fact and theory. 

 The myth of German supremacy in science, which was industriously cultivated 

 up to the opening of the world war, was never true in geology, except for a 

 time in the divisions of mineralogy and petrology. In the future Germany 

 will probably play a subordinate role in the development of geology in general. 



A knowledge of German has generally been required of all candidates for 

 the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The question should be discussed at the 

 present time if it would not be wiser to permit the candidate in geology to 

 choose two languages from French, German, and Spanish, permitting him. if 

 he wishes, to avoid the learning of German and encoui'aging him to learn the 

 language of a neighboring continent, where geologists should take their i^art 

 in the development of natural resources. 



Read by the author from manuscript. 



GEOLOGY AS A SYNTHETIC SCIENCE 

 BY WARREN D. SMITH 



(Abstract) 



The scientific work of the past three hundred years has consisted of discov- 

 ery and analysis. The time is now ripe for synthesis of the natural sciences. 

 Geology, though almost the youngest of these, is the logical clearing-house of 



