TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS 103 



tially how to furnish France with sufficient coal without unduly wrecking 

 German industry. 



Eemarks were also made by Messrs. G. 0. Smith, J. B. Umpleby, and 

 W. H. Emmons, with reply by the author. 



WAR-TIME DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPTICAL INDUSTRY 

 BY F. E. WRIGHT 



{Abstract) 



A brief description was given of the development and rapid expansion of the 

 optical glass and instrument industry to meet war needs. Special reference 

 was made to the methods adopted to accomplish this result and to solve the 

 many problems, such as the manufacture of optical glass, the training of skilled 

 operatives in precision optics, which confronted us on our entrance into the 

 war. 



Presented in abstract from notes. 



Discussed by Prof. W. H. Emmons, with reply by the author. 



GEOLOGIC AND PRESENT CLIMATES 

 BY MARSDEN MANSON ^ 



Presented by title in the absence of the author. 



CONDITIONS OF DEPOSITION OF SOME TERTIARY PETROLIFEROUS 



SEDIMENTS 



BY AMADEUS W. GRABAU 



{Abstract) 



In a previous communication the author has discussed the interrelations of 

 some oil-producing and oil-bearing formations of the North American Paleo- 

 zoic. Continued study of the stratigraphy of oil-bearing formations has shown 

 that at least the more important European Tertiary oil formations indicate 

 deposition in more or less inclosed basins of the Black Sea and the Karabugas 

 types, and that the source of the petroleum is to be sought in the abundant 

 destruction of life chiefly of pelagic types, "which were carried into these inclosed 

 basins, where scavengers were absent. Such appears to be the origin of the 

 petroleum of the Alsace-Lorraine basin,^ to which the author's field studies 

 were confined, but a detailed consideration ^)f the Tertiary stratigraphy of the 

 Galician, Roumanian, and Caucasian regions indicates a similar origin for the 

 petroleum deposits of those districts. The very general association of these 

 petroleum-bearing strata with salt deposits is regarded as highly significant. 

 That the diatomaceous sediments of the California oil fields are deposits in in- 

 closed basins, free, because of the nature of the water, from animals which 

 would devour the organic matter, rather than deposits in the deep sea, seems to 



^ Introduced by E. O. Hovey. 



