WORK OF THE DIVISIOX OF GEOLOGY AXD GEOGRAPHY 179 



of geological advice was more fully recognized b}^ the general staff of the 

 American Expeditionary Force, and the commissioning of several geol- 

 ogists and water-supply experts was requested by General Pershing. As 

 the fighting came to an end, the scope of the geological work under Lieu- 

 tenant-Colonel Brooks was being materially enlarged, as has been men- 

 tioned. 



When the Division of Geology and Geography was organized, in Jan- 

 uary, 1918, there was much more information available as to geological 

 work in the German army than in that of the United States or of any 

 of the Allies. This was due to a study of German literature on the sub- 

 ject made by R. S. Knappen at the suggestion of Prof. C. P. Berkey. 

 This material was generously placed at the disposal of the division. For- 

 tunately Douglas W. Johnson, a member of the Executive Committee, 

 was soon given a commission as major in the Intelligence Branch of the 

 Army and sent abroad under conditions which allowed him, with official 

 permission, to observe the use made of geology and geography in several 

 of the allied armies and to report on the same to the Research Council. 

 He was assisted in this work by Lieutenant S. H, Knight, a geologist, 

 the Research Council meeting an appropriate part of the expense of this 

 report. 



The reports of Major Johnson are of great interest and value. He 

 was able to observe the geological or geographical work in the armies of 

 six coimtries at war with the Central Powers. Information of special 

 value from some of these reports has been transmitted from time to time 

 to appropriate branches of the army and on his return to this country a 

 summary report was transmitted to the War Department on the observed 

 applications of geology and geography. 



It is a matter for regret that Major Johnson is not able to present a 

 discussion of this subject to the Society at this meeting. 



INSTRUCTION OF OFFICERS IN GEOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, MAP-READING, 



ETCETERA 



An effort to promote work of this kind in training camps was initiated 

 by the Geology Committee in 1917, through its subcommittee on "Geol- 

 ogy of Cantonments and Topographical Instruction in Training Camps," 

 of which F. W. De Wolf was chairman, and has been continued by the 

 division in the past year. The work originally planned by this subcom- 

 mittee has progressed, though slowly. The LT. S. Geological Survey has 

 made topographic maps of the areas about several camps or cantonments 

 and placed on the back of each sheet a description or "map story" in- 

 tended to explain the significance of the topography from various stand- 



