202 J. C. BRAXXER OUTLIXES OF THE GEOLOGY OF BRAZIL 



editorship of Dr. Manoel Paulino Cavalcanti^ director of the Posto Zoo- 

 technico Federal. It is on a scale of 1 to 12 millions. Eight subdivisions 

 of the geologic column are shown^ namely: Qnaternar}^, Tertiary, Cre- 

 taceous. Trias, Carboniferous. Devonian, Silurian, and Archean. Though 

 this map is largely diagrammatic, it is the most dependable effort thus 

 far made to produce a geologic map of Brazil. 



Theodoro Sampaio, 1911. — In his "Atlas dos Estados Unidos do Brazil 

 pelo Engenheiro Civil Theodoro Sampaio,^' published at Bahia in 1911, 

 the author of that work gives a small geological map of Brazil on a scale 

 of 1 to 40 millions. Six geologic divisions are shown. In spite of the 

 very small scale, it is among the best geologic maps of that country. 



Miscellaneous reproductions. — Several small maps have been published 

 showing the general geology of Brazil, but they have evidently been made 

 from some of the larger maps already mentioned. One that may be 

 taken as an example is that given by Prof. James Geikie in his paper, 

 "The evolution of climate," published in The Scottish Geographical 

 Magazine, volume YI, pages ov-T?, Edinburgh, 1890, and accompanied 

 by small scale maps of the geology of the globe. The title of the map, 

 however, says that it is "after Berghaus, Marcou, and other authorities." 



Another geological map of South America on a scale of 1 to 50 mil- 

 lions is given opposite page 57, in "Siid und Mittelamerika von Wilhelm 

 Sievers, Leipzig und TVien, 1903." The title of this map says it is after 

 Berghaus and others. 



In addition to the&e maps of the whole countr}^, a few geologic maps of 

 some of the states or provinces have been published: these state .maps 

 will be mentioned in the bibliographic reference to the states themselves. 



Outlines of the stratigeaphic Geology 



iV GEXERAL 



The text on the stratigraphy is intended to give only a brief outline 

 of the general geology of Brazil, including statements of the character of 

 the rocks, structural features, areal distribution, and the subdivisions of 

 the geologic column — enough, it is hoped, to guide geologists, and to 

 serve as a basis for future work. 



If more details are required they may be foimd (in case they are known 

 and published) in Branner^s Geologia Elementar, second edition, or in 

 the papers cited in the bibliographies of the different states. 



In the course of the preparation of the map many problems regarding 

 stratigraphy have demanded attention, and they had to be dealt with in 

 order that the work might go forward. 



