GENERAL AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 249 



Henry Koster: Travels in Brazil. Second edition. In two volumes. Lon- 

 don, 1817. A few notes on the geology of Pernambuco, Parabyba, Rio 

 Grande do Norte, and Ceara, volume I, pages 152-258. 



Marcos Antonio de Macedo : Descripgao dos terrenos Carbonif eros da Comarca 

 do Crato. Bibliotbeca Guanabarense, Trabalhos da Sociedade Yellosiana, 

 paginas 23-28. Rio de Janeiro de 1855. 



Thomaz Pompeu de Souza Brazil : Ensaio Estatistico da Provincia do Ceara. 

 Caput IV, Aspecto physico, pages 9-26. Caput X, Constituigao geologica, 

 paginas 41-55. Saltpeter, page 350, 8°. [Fortaleza?], 1863. 



Dr. JosE Americo dos Santos : Poqo artesiano. Revista de Engenharia, 14 de 

 Junho de 1889, volume XI, pagina 131. Rio de Janeiro, 1889. 



H. L. Small : Geologia e supprimento d'agua subterranea no Ceara, etc. Pubs. 

 25 and 32 da Inspectoria de Obras Contra as Seccas. Rio de Janeiro. 

 Brazil, 1913 and 1914. 



A. Smith Woodward : On tbe fossil teleostean genus Rhacolepis Agassiz. Pro- 

 ceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1887, pages 535-542. 



A. Smith Woodward : Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum, 

 parts III and IV. London, 1889. 



A. Smith Woodward : On some Upper Cretaceous fishes of family Aspidorhyn- 

 chidse. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1890, pages 629- 

 686. 



E8PIRIT0 SANTO 



Previous investigations. — The geology as shown on the map is largely 

 from the personal observations of the author. Publications regarding the 

 geology of the state are limited almost entirely to the notes of Hartt, two 

 short papers by Freise, and the very few notes by Maximilian AYied- 

 Nenwied. Auguste St. Hilaire, the French botanist, crossed the state, 

 but he has very little to say about the geology. 



General geology. — The general geology of the State of Espirito Santo 

 is quite simple : Archean gneisses, granites, and schists form the moun- 

 tains and high western part of the State and of most of the interior; 

 Pliocene ( ?) and later sediments form a belt along the coast and lap back 

 over and against the Archean rocks. Little is known of the details of the 

 geology of the State, but it is probable that quartzites and old metamor- 

 phic rocks are here and there let down into the older masses by faulting. 



There are two and possibly three divisions of the coastal sediments : an 

 older, basal division, in which no fossils have yet been found, and a later 

 division, of soft and incoherent yellow sands and clays, blackened here 

 and there by iron or vegetable matter or bleached by acidulated waters, 

 containing marine fossils, separated from the older division by an uncon- 

 formity. 



These Tertiary beds all dip gently toward the ocean. They probably 

 do not exceed fifty meters in thickness, and are cut entirely through along 



