318 J. C. BEANNER OUTLINES OF THE GEOLOGY OF BRAZIL 



of the outcrop of those beds. So far as I can learn, they have not been 

 utilized. These shales have been regarded as evidences of the existence 

 of petroleum, and wells have been sunk in search of it, but thus far with- 

 out success. The bituminous shales of the Tertiary lake deposits, how- 

 ever, have been used at Taubate for the manufacture of gas. They con- 

 tain about 7 per cent of petrolene. 



Marbles occur in large quantities at certain places in the Archean areas 

 of the state, notably in the region about the headwaters of the rios Ipo- 

 ranga and Bethary west, northwest, and north of Villa Iporanga, and at 

 Panto jo west of Sao Eoque and south of Sorocaba, where there are exten- 

 sive quarries. There are also limestones in the Permian areas, notably at 

 Limeira, Itapetininga, and, in addition to the marbles mentioned, build- 

 ing stones of many kinds are abundant and of excellent qualities. 



Clays for the manufacture of bricks, tiles, and drain and sewer pipes 

 are especially abundant in the Tertiary areas of the state. 



Geologic Maps of Sao Paulo 



Pissis, 1842. — Accompanying Pissis' "Memoire sur la position geo- 

 logique des terraines de la partie australe du Bresil," published by the 

 French Academy in 1842, is a geologic map that includes the eastern 

 part of the State of Sao Paulo as far west as Piracicaba. The scale is 1 

 to 2,500,000 and ten divisions are shown, one of which is the Tertiary 

 lake basins of that state. 



Derby, 1885. — An outline of the geology of eastern Sao Paulo by 0. A. 

 Derby is given in a map accompanying C. P. Van Delden Laerne's ^^Le 

 Bresil et Java; Eapport sur la culture du cafe en Amerique, Asie et 

 Afrique. La Haye, 1885.'' The map bears the date 1884; it is on a scale 

 of 1 to 1,000,000 and shows six geologic divisions. 



The same map, with a few additions, was reproduced in Branner's 

 Geologia Elementar, at page 230 of the first edition, 1906, and at page 

 320 of the second edition, 1915. The scale of the reproduction is about 

 1 to 5,000,000 and five geologic divisions are shown. 



Bibliography of the Geology of Sao Paulo 



W. Calderwood: (Coal at Taubate, Sao Paulo.) Chemiker Zeitung, volume 



XVIII, page 89. Gothen, January 20, 1894. 

 GoNZAGA DE Campos : Relatorlo ... da Commissao Geographica e Geo- 



logica de Sao Paulo, paglnas 22-34. Sao Paulo, 1889. 

 Gonzaga de Campos : Relatorio sobre o Rio Tiete. Sao Paulo, 1905. 

 Gonzaga de Campos : Reconhecimento da zona compreliendida entre Bauru e 



Itapura. Sao Paulo, 1905. 



