324 J. C. BEAXXER OUTLIVES OF THE GEOLOGY OF BRAZIL 



mineral and its availability for commercial and industrial purposes. In 

 regions of highly metamorphosed rocks like those of ^linas Geraes. Goyaz. 

 parts of Bahia. etcetera, it is to be expected that a long list of minerals 

 should be found, though many of them do not occur in sufficient abun- 

 dance to give them economic importance, in so far as we no^r know. 



There are no comprehensive works on the general economic geology of 

 Brazil : but a somewhat remarkable work and one well worth knowing, if 

 used with discrimination, is the ^'Diccionario Geographico das IMinas do 

 Brazil, por Francisco Ignacio Ferreira.'* pubhshed at Eio de Janeiro in 

 16 So. It is mostly a compilation of all the available information regard- 

 ing the Tnineral resoxuces, whether real or imaginary, published or unpub- 

 lished, of each of the Brazilian states, and alphabetically arranged. It 

 contains many notes of value and excerpts from the leading authorities, 

 but it also and necessarily contains much that is worthless or misleading. 

 For example, every state and almost every municipality is said to contain 

 coal, even in the most impossible locations. Of course, the author of the 

 work is not responsible for such claims. 



A book of 161 pages, by Dr. Antonio Olyntho dos Santos Pires, en- 

 titled ^TRiquezas Mineraes,"' published at Bello Horizonte in 1903. gives 

 a good, though brief, historical resume of the mining industry. 



Since the above was written a valuable work has been published, ^'The 

 ^lineral Deposits of South America,'' by Benjamin L. Miller and Joseph 

 T. Singewald, Jr., Xew York, 1919. Chapter V, pages 148 to 232, of 

 this book, is upon the economic geology of Brazil, and is accompanied by 

 a brief bibhography. 



METALLIC MIXER ALS * 



Iron. — Extensive iron deposits of excellent quality — mostly hematite, 

 but including magnetite, ochres, and other forms of iron ore — are known 

 in Minas Geraes, Sao Paulo, Matto Grosso, Goyaz, and Bahia. An im- 

 portant resume of the manufacture of iron in Brazil is given in the paper 

 on the subject by Dr. Gonzaga de Campos, director of the Geological 

 Service of Brazil. So far as we now know, the high grade ores are con- 

 fined to the early Paleozoic, but there are large areas of lower grade ores 

 in the Tertiary and Quaternary. The history of the attempts at iron- 

 making at Ipanema, Sao Paulo, is given by L. Dupre. The most com- 

 prehensive papers on the subject of iron in Brazil are those of — 



* In order to use the papers cited by authors under the heads of the various minerals, 

 the reader should find the full titles under the author's name as given in the hiblio- 

 cvaphic references of each state. For example. Lisboa < Matto Grosso • means that under 

 Matto Grosso the full title of Dr. Lisboa" s paper wiU be found. 



