WORKS OF TRAVEL 337 



Herbert H. Smith : Brazil, the Amazons and the coast, 8°, illustrated, 644 



pages. New York, 1879. 

 Richard Spruce: Notes of a botanist on the Amazon and Andes, edited by 



A. R. Wallace. Two volumes, illustrated. London, 1908. 

 James W. Wells : Exploring and traveling three thousand miles through 



Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Maranhao. Two volumes, 8°, illustrated. 



London, 1886. The author was a civil engineer ; the book is interesting 



and trustworthy, but it contains a great many absurd errors in Portuguese. 



Climatic Conditions 



Inasmuch as Brazil lies mostly within the tropics, it is important that 

 the climatic conditions be kept in mind, both in connection with field- 

 work in geology and with the carrying on of mining and other operations 

 directly related to geology. 



Some parts of Brazil have as fine climate as can be found anywhere in 

 the world; such are the highlands of Minas Geraes and Goyaz and the 

 southern states — Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catharina, and Eio Grande 

 do Sul. The high, dry parts of the interior are usually healthful, but 

 the swampy, forest-covered portions of Amazonas, Para, and Matto 

 Grosso should be avoided unless one is proof against malarial and in- 

 testinal diseases. 



Of the practical difficulties of dealing with malarial and other tropical 

 diseases in the Amazon forest regions one can get an idea by reading 

 "Recollections of an ill-fated expedition to the headwaters of the Madeira 

 River in Brazil," by Neville B. Craig, Philadelphia, 1907. No one 

 should delude himself by supposing that the sanitary measures that have 

 been so successfully carried out on the Panama Canal Zone and in the 

 city of Rio de Janeiro are practicable in a region like that of the Amazon 

 Valley. 



Good works on the climate of Brazil are : 



F. M. Draenert : O clima do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, 1890. 



L. Cruls : Le climat de Rio de Janeiro (also in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro, 

 1892. 



L. Cruls : Le climat du Bresil, Paris, 1896. 



C. M. Delgado de Oarvalho: Meteorologie du Br6sil. 8°, illustrated. Lon- 

 don, 1917. This last has a bibliography at pages 518-525. 



