3 so (JSBORX AXD M< mjK SAVEOPODS OF COPE 



maries of tlie characTers of these animals, whicli were fullv illustrated 

 and ^dely distributed : conseqtiently tliey became well established in the 

 literamre, while Cope's are still unrecognized and imperfectly known. 

 Our object has been to describe and determine as fully as possible Cope's 

 types, especially of the OpisthocceKa. the most important of which is that 

 of Comarasaurus. This generic name antedates Morosaurus Marsh, with 

 which it is considered congeneric, by about one year. 



The fugitive descriptions and detenninations by Cope, Osbom, Riggs, 

 and Mook may now be replaced by thorough descriptions and illustra- 

 tions, in which the characters of the genus Camarasaurus are determined 

 in great detail, so far as the nature of the material will permit. All the 

 type material, including the types of six genera and eleven species, has 

 been figured, and these animals, practically unknown since their original 

 mention forty years ago, have now been brought to light. 



OCCUEEEXCE AXD COLLZCTIXG 0± AIaTEEIAL 

 ORIGIXAL DISCOTERY AXD COLLECTIXG- 



In the spring of 1ST ^^ Mr. 0. TT. Lucas, superintendent of public schools 

 in Canyon City. Colorado, discovered some large fossil bones, which he 

 sent to Prof. Edward D. Cope. The date of this discovery is not defi- 

 nitely known, but it appears to have been some time in March. From the 

 first specimens which reached the Cope Museum in Philadelphia, Cope 

 made his original description of Camara-saurus and founded the genus; 

 this description was published August 23. 18 TT. The name Camara- 

 saurus, or •'^chambered saurian,'* was given in reference to the cavernous 

 nature of the centra of the cervical and dorsal vertebrae, in connection 

 with the lateral cavities now known as pleurocoelia. After receivinsr the 

 original bones. Cope employed collectors who gathered more material, all 

 of which is now in the American Museum. 



SrESEQUEXT COLLECTIXG 



The amount of material collected by Cope's parties was very large. It 

 was not all prepared at once, but a considerable amount of it was cleaned 

 up by Jacob Geismar under Professor Cope's direction. In ISTT a recon- 

 struction of the skeleton of Carnarasaurus was made by Dr. John Evder, 

 under the direction of Professor Cope. This reconstruction, the first ever 

 made of an opisthocoelous dinosaur, was natural size and embodied repre- 

 sentations of the remains of a number of individuals: it was over fifty 

 feet in length. It was exhibited at a meeting of the American Philo- 

 sophical Society, on December 21. ISTT. and since has been exhibited a 



