382 OSBORX AXD MOOK SAUROPODS OF COPE 



TEE QUARRIES 



UnfortimatelT the quarry records of the Cope Canyon City material 

 have been lost: no quarry diagrams are mentioned in any of Cope's de- 

 scriptions and it is unlikely that any were made. Two large quarries are 

 known to have existed and their location is known at the present time. 



One of these is situated almost at the crest of the escarpment which 

 forms the west boundary of Garden Park and near the base of a small 

 conical hill locally known as the "Xipple."^ It is not very definitely 

 marked, but traces of the work of excavation by Cope's collectors and 

 others mark its site. This quarry is called Cope Quarry No. 2. The 

 matrix is largely grayish and it is likely that it furnished most of the 

 bones which are known collectively as the yellow series, although this is 

 not certain. Some of the matrix is neither gray nor yellow, and it is 

 possible that certain of the yellow bones may have come from the other 

 quarry. The value, therefore, of the color of the matrix, in determining 

 the field association of the bones, is limited. Variation in color depends 

 on the condition of the iron oxide of the matrix and probably also on the 

 original conditions of decay of the animal tissue. The c^uarry was re- 

 worked by Mr. J. B. Hatcher for the Carnegie Museum in 1901. 



Another large Cjuarry is situated about 500 yards west to southwest of 

 the ^'Xipple." a considerable distance from the edge of the escarpment. 

 This cjuarry is called Cope Quarry No. 1. Here the Morrison is capped 

 by the Purgatoire sandstone and the quarry site is very definitely marked 

 by a great excavation. The matrix is chiefly reddish to brownish, and 

 prohahhj most of the bones of a reddish color, collectively known as the 

 red series, came from this Cjuarry. 



There must have been at least one more quarry in this vicinity which 

 furnished some of the opisthocoelous material, but the nature and the 

 location of it are not known; indeed, the types of Ampliiccelias alius and 

 A. latus may have come from this quarry, about which no reliable infor- 

 mation is available. All of these quarries are located a short distance 

 north of the Marsh-Hatcher quarry, which yielded the types of Diplo- 

 docus longiis Marsh. Haplocantliosaurus priscus, and H. ufterhicl'i 

 Hatcher. The Marsh-Hatcher quarry was excavated at a lower geologic 

 level than the Cope quarries. 



Oeigixal Desceiptioxs of Opisthoccelia by Cope 



The chronologic sequence of the establishment of the genera and 

 species, with a brief statement of their present determination, may be 

 summarized as follows : 



