THE TYPE SECTION '^37 



our belief they are identical. Their apparent difference in character will 

 be explained later. 



If the Kirkland (''red flux") limestone carries no more ore around 

 Verona than in the Lakeport well, it is not surprising that its horizon has 

 failed of recognition in the outcrop. The seam alluded to by Hartnagel 

 (9 : 26) as found in excavations in Verona village — probably the same as 

 that mentioned by Vanuxem (1: 87) — is not likely to lie more than 20 

 feet above the Verona ore (if it is not indeed that bed itself), and so just 

 barely above the horizon at which the drill entered the rock or in the 

 place of the Wolcott Furnace bed. It can not be the red-flux bed. 



Great interest attaches to the lower part of the Verona well record. 

 The proximity (on the north) of the type exposure of the Oneida con- 

 glomerate indicates that the drill must have stopped within a few feet of 

 that rock. In the absence of the lov^er ore layers, it becomes impossible 

 to recognize the Eeynales horizon in the record as given, though the 

 thicknesses would suggest that it is still present above the lower 10 feet of 

 sandy beds. These sandstones mark, therefore, the inception of that great 

 basal expansion which impresses one in the Clinton region (9:26). It 

 will soon be shown that they are approximately Martville. 



The Type Section 



The literature on the remaining sections is far from satisfactory, the 

 measurements being largely estimates, often between rather wide limits, 

 while almost no measurements whatever are reported east of Tisdale's 

 mill, but merely the order of succession. Yet on piecing together the 

 available data one gets a more complete concept of the stratigraphy than 

 (in default of measurements) can be shown on the chart. xA.t Clinton 

 village we have at the top (excluding whatever may lie in the concealed 

 interval just above) the mass of calcareous sandstone and thin shale part- 

 ings which is clearly our Phoenix division growing more sandy toward 

 the shoreline. Its thickness is given as 50 feet plus, with an unmeasured 

 gap between it and tlie Lockport, the Rochester not being seen. These 

 Phoenix sandy shales, with their prenuncial Rochester fauna, contain the 

 explanation for the rather reasonable belief (9: 19, 27; 10: 7) that the 

 Rochester shale horizon is embraced in the type Clinton section. Further 

 evidence to the contrary will be recited farther on. 



Next below the Phoenix beds is the calcareous "red-flux'^ ore, 6 feet 

 thick. Even within sight of Clinton village (1 : 86) this ore is known to 

 pass westward into an ore-bearing limestone with crinoids, and its identi- 

 fication with the ore-bearing limestone beneath the upper shale in the 



