632 e. w. berry cexozoic floras of equatorial america 



Upper Cretaceous 



The flora wliicli commenced to radiate from Arctogciea in the Ceno- 

 manian, and which diu'ing the Tnronian and Emscherian covered most 

 of North America and Europe, and presumably Asia, penetrated as far 

 as southern South America before the close of the Upper Cretaceous, and 

 at least 26 typical species, have been recorded from Argentina.^ This 

 would seem to indicate that there was some land connection between 

 North and South America throughout the greater part of the Cretaceous, 

 during which time the prevailing direction of migration was from north 

 to south. 



Midway Eocene Floea of North America 



The small Midway Eocene flora recorded" from the Gulf Coastal Plain 

 contains five species belonging to the genera Pourouma, Cecropia?, 

 Asimina, Dolichites, and Terminalia which I have regarded as having 

 been derived from tropical America and as lacking direct ancestors in 

 the Upper Cretaceous of North America. 



Wilcox Eocexe Flora of North America 

 , ix gexeral 



This veryj extensive and well preserved flora comprises to date 345 

 described species, distributed in 136 genera. There are in common with 

 the almost unknown Tertiary floras of South America 2 species in 2 

 genera. Those that I consider as having originated in Arctogaea number 

 179 species in 57 genera. Those whose place of origin is unkno^Ti num- 

 ber 65 species in 29 genera. Those that appear to have originated in the 

 American tropics number 101 species in 50 genera. 



I do not consider the relationship of the existing flora of the Antilles 

 with that of South America to be as intimate as was the relationship of 

 the Lower Eocene flora of southeastern North America with that of South 

 America. This statement is not true of Central America, where the 

 present lowland flora is a direct continuation of that of South America, 

 while the upland flora is a mixture of survivals from the southward jni- 

 gration of North American types in the Miocene mixed with later immi- 

 grants from both the north and the south. 



- E. W. Berry : The fossil flora of the Panama Canal Zone. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bull. 

 103, 1918, pp. 15-44, pis. 12-18. 



: The Tertiary flora of Peru. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. (in press). 



3 F. Kurtz: Revista Museo La Plata, vol. 10 (1889), 1902, pp. 43-60. 



