oQ PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMHERST MEETING 



DEMONSTRATION MATERIAL IN GEOLOGY 1 

 BY HERDMAN F. CLELAND 



(Presented orally before the Society December 28, 1921) 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 56 



Apparatus 57 



General discussion 57 



Suggested apparatus 58 



Apparatus already constructed 61 



Geological models 67 



General discussion 67 



Models already constructed 68 



Suggested geological models 74 



Relief maps 75 



Source of supply 75 



Suggested relief maps 76 



Block diagrams 76 



Lantern slides 76 



Topographic maps 77 



Moving pictures 78 



Animated block diagrams or cartoons 78 



Moving pictures of scenery 80 



Restorations 81 



Geological specimens , , 82 



Recommendations , 82 



Discussion 84 



Introduction 



The Chairman of the Committee on Teaching of the Society sent out a 

 questionnaire to Fellows of the Society and others to learn what demon- 

 stration material is in use in the colleges, universities, and museums of 

 the United States and Canada and what, in the opinion of teachers of 

 geology, survey men, and curators of museums, should be made or used. 

 More than sixty replies were received, and it is to these that this report 

 is largely devoted. 



The attitudes of different correspondents toward demonstration material 

 is interesting and suggestive : Survey men, on the whole, place the em- 

 phasis on field-work; the members of the geophysical laboratory and 

 structural geologists state that apparatus of formative processes is much, 

 possibly most, needed; a number of successful teachers, especially those 



1 Manuscript received by Hie Secretary of the Society March 11, 1922. 



