ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS 125 



Throughout the entire area the rocks are sediments, chiefly quartzites, 

 sandstones, and shales, with minor amounts of limestone, conglomerate, and 

 tillite. They range in age from Devonian to Tertiary and have an aggregate 

 thickness of at least 25,000 and perhaps 40,000 feet. 



Throughout most of the area traversed the rocks have been subjected to 

 strong lateral stress and have yielded to it by folding and breaking, so they 

 are commonly tilted steeply and their continuity is broken by many faults. 

 The most intense deformation is not in the westernmost beds, as might be 

 anticipated, but rather about midway between Cochabamba and Santa Cruz. 

 Near Arani, on the west, the beds are only gently flexed and indicate a stress 

 from the southwest rather than from the west. This same direction of stress 

 seems to hold in the more intensely deformed areas. 



Presented in full extemporaneously by the senior author, with lantern- 

 slide illustration. 



GEOLOGY OF KAUAI, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS 

 BY N. E. A. HINDS 1 



(Abstract) 



Kauai, northwesternmost of the larger Hawaiian Islands, is the greatly 

 eroded remnant of a single volcanic mountain, much reduced in area and in 

 height. Deep canyons, with steeply cliffed, cirque-like heads, radiate from 

 a central upland which forms the highest part of the island. The canyons 

 open excellent sections of numerous lava flows which dip gently seaward on 

 all sides, thus indicating that the principal vent was near the present island 

 center. Recent lavas have come from subordinate vents, particularly on the 

 southeast coast, and to a more limited extent in the west-central area. As 

 on other islands of the group, ash eruptions mark the closing phases of 

 vulcanism. The later lava flows and the ash eruptions both occurred after 

 most of the erosion and deep weathering to which Kauai has been subjected. 



The central peak, Waileale, 5,180 feet high, is credited with the heaviest 

 known rainfall. This has been of prime importance in the extraordinary 

 canyon development. A residual soil is generally present and varies greatly 

 in depth, as dependent on differences in rainfall in different parts of the 

 island. A discontinuous fringing coral reef is found around most of the 

 shore; on the southwest and west the reef is slightly emerged. A low, wide, 

 very flat plain has developed, surfaced by beach rock, coral-sand dunes, and 

 alluvium. Evidence of submergence is found in the deep alluvium of the flat- 

 bottomed canyons, in recently emerged rock benches, sea caves, and fossil- 

 iferous deposits, and in older marine flats and boulder beaches at higher 

 levels. 



Presented extemporaneously, with lantern-slide illustration. 



1 Introduced by W. M. Davis. 



