ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS 197 



ternal shells are present, the individuals consist for the most part of septa 

 placed one within the other, the larger of which possess a "septal neck." 

 This, in connection with other characteristics, has led the writer to the con- 

 clusion that in Salter ella we have the most primitive cephalopod known. The 

 relation of Salterella to Volbortkella is considered and a revision of the species 

 of Salterella is submitted. 



An interesting account of recent cephalopods and of the possible habits 

 of these animals, and also of the trilobites, was given in the next paper, 

 presented by the author and illustrated with many well selected lantern 

 slides. Discussion by Messrs. Foerste and Clarke. 



POSSIBLE HABITS OF CEPHALOPODS AND TRILOBITES 

 BY PERCY K. RAYMOND 



(Abstract) 



Knowledge of the anatomy of trilobites has become sufficiently full to allow 

 a reasonable speculation as to the mode of life and habits of these animals. 

 Many writers have made suggestions, and the more plausible have been 

 brought together and illustrated by drawings which are the work of Mr. 

 Charles Fish, of Providence, Rhode Island. 



Less has been written upon the cephalopods, but a comparison of the shells 

 of Recent and Paleozoic forms and a study of the anatomy and habits of the 

 modern nautilus suggest certain possible reconstructions. The importance 

 of the shell in the economy of the animal is emphasized. 



In the absence of the author, the next paper was read by the Secretary 

 and discussed by Dr. Clarke. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 

 BY ROY L. MOODIE 



(Abstract) 



Pathological conditions on the fossil bones of extinct animals were first 

 recognized and described among the Pleistocene mammals, especially the cave 

 mammals of Europe. 



The earliest reference to pathological conditions of this nature was made 

 by E. J. C. Esper, a professor in the university of Erlangen, in 1774. He 

 referred to an injured femur of a cave bear, interpreting the lesion as an 

 osteosarcoma. Eighty years later Mayer concluded that the injury was an 

 infected fracture with considerable callus. Goldfuss, von Soemmering, and 

 Cuvier in 1820-23 drew many interesting conclusions concerning the habits of 

 the extinct mammals, based on their observations of the injuries. William 

 Clift in 1823 read a paper to the Royal Society of London describing certain 

 injured and diseased bones of bovine animals. These specimens are said to 

 be still preserved in the Hunterian Museum. 



The first memoir devoted entirely to paleopathology was not by a paleon- 

 tologist but by a surgeon, von Walther of Bonn. The Natural History Museum 



