202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



Permic affinities. Seventeen species have so far been differentiated, the best 

 preserved and specifically determinable ones being of types alsewhere found 

 in the Lower Permic of China. In shales above this horizon, but not accu- 

 rately located (probably from seam 12 or higher), a fairly perfect specimen 

 and several fragments of Eurypterus (E. chinensis) have been found. The 

 flora from the several seams worked is a mixture of Stephanian and younger 

 types, many Permic elements being present. The conclusion from the evidence 

 so far obtained is that the coals are not older than Lower Permic. About 35 

 meters below seam number 13 is a very fossiliferous limestone (Tangshan 

 limestone), generally less than a meter in thickness and containing numerous 

 specimens of Spirifer bisulcatus Sowerby, Lithostrotion kaiplngense, and other 

 fossils, identical with or allied to Yiseen species of western Europe. This is, 

 therefore, believed to represent a Dinantian (Mississippic) horizon. It is 

 possible, but doubtful, that part of the intervening 35 meters may represent 

 Moscovian or Uralian horizons, but so far no satisfactory paleontological evi- 

 dence has been obtained. 



The Tangshan limestone lies about 85 meters above the top of the 

 Machiakou, or Actinoceras, limestone of Black River age. The intervening 

 beds are red shales, fireclays, shales, and sandstones of Mississippic age. 

 There is no Siluric or Devonic in north China. 



ORDOVICIC FORMATIONS OF NORTH CHINA 

 BY A. W. GRABAU 



(Abstract) 



The Ordovicic is represented in north China by at least 800 meters of some- 

 what dolomitic limestones, with, locally, some intercalated shales. In the 

 Kaiping coal basin of eastern Chihli Province the Ordovicic rests disconform- 

 ably on an erosion surface of highest Cambric, beginning with a basal conglom- 

 erate, the pebbles of which are formed from the underlying Cambric calciluytes. 

 These lowest Ordovicic beds (Yehli limestone) have so far yielded only two 

 species of Suecoca^as. Eight hundred meters higher the limestones (Actino- 

 ceras or Machiakou limestones) contain a fairly rich fauna which shows the 

 closest affinity with the Black River fauna of North America. Cephalopods 

 and gastropods predominate. There are seven species of Actinoceras and eight 

 species of Lophospira, besides others. The most remarkable feature of this 

 fauna is its almost complete distinctness from the fauna of equivalent age 

 found in south China, the two having scarcely a species in common. The 

 Ordovicic fauna from south China has European affinities, while that of north 

 China is of the North American type. 



Fifty miles north of the Kaiping basin, near the Manchurian border, a well 

 marked Lower Ordovicic fauna has been discovered by Dr. F. F. Mathieu, of 

 the Kailan Mining Administration. This ranges through about 500 meters of 

 rocks (mostly calcareous) and shows a remarkable affinity to the Beekman- 

 town fauna of the Champlain region. It contains Ophileta, Piloceras, Gamc- 

 roceras, J'rotocameroccras, and the new holochoanitic cephalopod, Chihlioccras, 

 representing a new family, the ChihUoceratidw. It also contains Archceocy- 

 alhus of the same type as that found on the Mingan Islands, and, like that, 



