418 OSBORN AND REEDS PREHISTORY OE MAN IN EUROPE 



of stage rank. — Leverett], or morainal stages, which mark the oscillations 

 in the retreat of the glaciers backward to their existing limits, moraines 

 termed by Penck Neo-Wurmian, following the recession of Achen, the 

 sub stage of BUM, the sub stage of Gsclinitz, and the substage of Daun. 

 This period is, to some extent, the postglacial of other authors, which 

 may be looked upon as the last interglacial phase, especially if one admits, 

 with Kilian, the short Neo-Wiirmian glaciation, limited in extent, which 

 preceded the time of continued recession. 



Fourth Glacial Period 



(IV) This period, with moraines in relation to the gravels of the low 

 terraces, in general 18 to 20 meters above the existing bottom level of 

 the large valleys, equals the glaciation of Wiirm or Wiirmian, the name 

 derived from a river traversing the plain of Munich, Bavaria. The 

 glaciation of Wiirm has left the innermost moraines well preserved, with 

 their elements slightly altered, representing the most recent period, with 

 inner moraines and a sheet of gravel (cailloutis) which [in the Alpine 

 region] is never covered with loess. (See, however, Soergel, 1919.1.) 



The Third Inter glaciation is termed Riss- Wiirm by Penck. 



Third Glacial Period 



(III) This period, the moraines of which are related to the gravels of 

 the high terraces ( C( graviers de la haute terrasse"), 30 to 35 meters above 

 the existing bottom level of the large valleys, is termed Eiss or Eissian 

 by Penck, the name of an affluent of the Isar River of Germany. The 

 moraines of the Eiss glaciation lie outside of those of the Wiirm and in 

 many places fall short of attaining the extent of the moraines of the 

 preceding Mindel glaciation. The Eiss glaciers rested at the bottom on 

 the surfaces or slopes cleared by the ice of the preceding Mindel glaciation. 

 fit is important to note that the outer moraines of the western Alps, 

 particularly in France, regarded as of Eiss age by Penck and Bruckner, 

 are treated as of Mindelian age by Deperet.] 



The Second Inter glaciation is the Mindel-Eiss of Penck. 



Second Glacial Period 



(II) This period, the moraines of which are related to the recent 

 gravels of the plateaus ("graviers recents des hauteurs"), in general 

 55-60 meters above the actual bottom level of the valleys, is termed 

 Mindel or Mindelian by Penck, a name derived from a tributary of the 

 Danube. The Mindel glaciation had slightly the greatest extension; its 



