REVIEW OF OLD AND NEW STANDARDS OF PLEISTOCENE DIVISION 421 



Third Interglacial Stage, the Sangamon of the United States = the Riss-Wiirin 

 of the Alpine region and perhaps the Rixdorf horizon of Germany (which 

 is the general view of the German geologists ) . 



By means of their position, texture, and fauna, Leverett also correlates 

 the American "lower loess'" and the -"main loess" deposits of the Second 

 and Third Interglacial epochs, respectively, with the "lower" and the 

 "upper loess" deposits of northwestern Europe. He observes that the 

 European loess deposits are far less conspicuous, continuous, and extensive 

 than those on the plains of the United States. 



k. CORRELATION OF BRITISH AND NORTH EUROPEAN QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 



OF BROOKS 



The reader is referred to the important paper by Brooks (1919.1) on 

 "The correlation of the Quaternary deposits of the British Isles with 

 those of the continent of Europe." While the author holds that no one 

 principle of correlation can be maintained, he adheres strongly to the 

 glacial and interglacial phases which various authors have extended to 

 all the continents. The key to his work lies in north Germany, where 

 Gfagel (1913.1) has determined a very definite series of three glacial and 

 two interglacial horizons. Gagel finds no equivalent of the Giinzian (I) 

 glaciation, and in the terraces corresponding to the First Interglacial 

 of the Alps he holds that there is no Scandinavian material. These 

 stages are correlated with the Mindel (II), Eiss (III), and Wiirm (IV) 

 glaciations of the Alps. By ordinary stratigraphical and paleontological 

 methods, Brooks traces these beds into Russia, Denmark, and Holland, 

 and correlates them with fair certainty with the glacial deposits of eastern 

 England. He establishes a network of cross-correlations between the 

 Alps, the P3Tenees, and intervening glaciated areas by means of the 

 river gravel terraces. He cites, too. the loess deposits and the flint 

 industries of primitive man as means of correlation. All these features 

 are clearly presented in the text as well as in the numerous summaries 

 and tables of correlation. The methods of correlation are similar to 

 those of Penck and Bruckner. They are somewhat in agreement, but 

 not precisely in harmony with those of Deperet (1918-1921), which are 

 based primarily on marine formations, marine shorelines, and river 

 terraces at stated elevations. 



Quaternary Deposits of the North German, Plain (after Brooks. 1919) 



Baltic readvance. — Moraines of the Baltic Hohenriicken. 

 Baltic Interstadial [=Achen recession]. — Arctic marine and 

 fresh-water deposits of East and West Prussia. 



