438 OSBORX AND REEDS PREHISTORY OP MAX IN EUROPE 



is noted by Deperet on all the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. In 

 Scotland, according to Wright, it ranges from 35 feet down to sealevel 

 (1914.1, page 382 ). Associated with a modern marine fauna there have 

 been found in Scotland the first human stone implements of the be- 

 ginning of Xeolithic time, 15 analogous to those of Denmark and Scandi- 

 navia. 



Summary of Deperet 's conclusions, geology and archeology (1921.1). — 

 ( 1 ) In Deperet's opinion, we should abandon the terms "middle/ 5 

 "lower/' and "upper" Quaternary and adopt a fourfold stratigraphic 

 subdivision founded on marine transgression and regression stages. 



(2) Each of the stages which lie proposes (Sicilian, Milazzian, Tyrrhen- 

 ian, and Monastirian) constitutes a complete sedimentary cycle readily 

 observed, corresponding to shorelines falling gradually from 90-100 

 meters to 55-60 meters, to 28-32 meters, to 18-20 meters below the 

 present sealevel, in addition to the still lower shoreline of ?-* s meters. 



(3) Deperet has endeavored to demonstrate that identical shorelines are 

 found on the Atlantic, African, and European coasts of western Europe. 



(4) These displacements of baselevel are in concordance with correspond- 

 ing displacements of streamlevel, for the streams erode their beds when 

 the sea is depressed and fill their beds when the sea mounts. (5) For 

 this reason the formation of the four fluviatile terraces corresponds to 

 the shorelines above mentioned, as noted by various authors, along the 

 Isser, the Moselle, the Ehine, the Ehone, the Danube, the Somme, the 

 Loire, the Seine, the Garonne, the Xive, the Belgian rivers, and the 

 rivers of Morocco. (6) Whichever theoretic explanation is adopted, the 

 elevation of the continent or the lowering of the sealevel, the constancy 

 and the equidistance of these terraces impress themselves as facts of 

 general observation and serve as a basis of rational classification of 

 Quaternary time. (7) At least four terraces relate themselves in an 

 intimate manner with the four Quaternary glaciations of the Alps and 

 the north of Europe, namely, the terrace of 100 meters is very probably 

 related in origin with the moraines of I (the Giinz) ; the terrace of 55-60 

 meters is related with the moraines of II (the Mindel) ; the terrace of 

 30 meters is related with the moraines of III (the Eiss) ; the terrace of 

 18-20 meters is related with the moraines of IV (the Wiirm). (8) The 



'■ Bearing on this subject, the present authors note, for example, the report of A. 

 Henderson Bishop, F. S. A. Scot., on "An Oransay shell-mound — A Scottish pre-Xeolithic 

 -it.'." from which they quote as follows: "The object of this paper ... is to dem- 

 onstrate from the shell-mounds of Oransay the existence of human habitation on or 

 about the line of the 2o-30 feet beach at a time when the sea had not permanently 

 retired from that level, and. incidentally, to reveal the Azilian nature of the culture 

 indicated in the occupation, and thus to correlate it directly with that of the Oban 

 caves." 



