REVIEW OF OLD AND NEW STANDARDS OF PLEISTOCENE DIVISION 443 



The De Geer geochronology and the contemporaneous paleogeography 

 of Sweden have been correlated by Reeds and Antevs in Table IV. 



In 1914, De Geer undertook to extend his method to Finland. From 

 this suggestion resulted the great work of Sauramo, "Geochronological 

 studies of the late glacial time in south Finland" (1918.1). This study 

 gave valuable results which correspond perfectly with those in Sweden. 



In the autumn of 1920 De Geer, with Liden and Antevs, visited North 

 America to determine how far the Swedish time scale could be used on 

 the retreat of the North American land ice. 



A short preliminary paper was published by De Geer (1921.1) in 

 which he tentatively correlates the varves of American localities — Woods- 

 ville, Waterbury, Wells River, Essex Junction, Spanish River, Espanola 

 Haileybury, and Dickson Creek — with certain segments of the previously 

 determined varve geochronology in Sweden. According to this investi- 

 gation, the varves representing the years — 1556 to + 297 of the Swedish 

 time scale are 74 to 89 per cent in accord with those of America, while 

 26 to 13 per cent are local developments. As this is a preliminary state- 

 ment, it is probable that when the data collected by De Geer and his 

 assistants are fully worked up the results may or may not be in accord 

 with this tentative correlation. 



Bruckner (1921.1, page 54) concludes: 



"Thus the geochronology of North America for the late glacial period seems 

 to conform with that of Scandinavia. However, I must admit that from the 

 meteorological standpoint such a far-reaching parallelization of the fluctua- 

 tions of the weather from one year to the other, in Sweden and North America, 

 is surprising. . . . Therefore, although I absolutely agree w T ith De Geer s 

 conclusions concerning Sweden and Finland, I can not help making some reser- 

 vations as to the parallelizing of the banded clay layers in the United States. 

 This in nowise means that in general I do not consider it probable that there 

 should be an analogous course of the retreat of the ice in Scandinavia and in 

 America ; vice versa, based on my researches about climatic oscillations within 

 a period of 35 years, I have always maintained that the whole process of the 

 glaciation in northern Europe and North America is uniform as to time, even- 

 ness, and manner." 



II. Correlation of the Time Divisions with human Industries 



J. CORRELATION OF THE PENCK-BRVCKNER TIME .DIVISIONS WITH HUMAN 



INDUSTRIES 



As early as 1903 Penck (Penck and Bruckner, 1909.1) essayed to 

 correlate these Alpine glacial and interglacial extensions and recessions 

 with the human flint industries, including the far-distant Chellecui 

 industry in the valleys of the Somme and the Marne, the Mousterian and 



XXX — Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 33, 1921 



