444 OSBORN AND REEDS PREHISTORY OF MAN IN EUROPE 



Solutrean industries chiefly in the basin of the Dordogne Kiver, the 

 Magdalenian industries, which are richly represented in the Dordogne 

 region and the Pyrenees and sparingly on the borders of the Wurm 

 glacier in the peri- Alpine region, as shown below : 



TABLE V 



Glacial and Archeological Correlation of Penck, 1903 (Penck and 



Bruckner, 1909.1) 



Postglacial : 



(d) Stage of Daun. 



(c) Stage of Gsclmitz. 



(6) Stage of Buhl Magdalenian. 



(a) Oscillation of Achen. 

 IV Glaciation, or Wiirmian. 



Third Interglaclal, Riss-Wiirm : 



( b ) Steppe fauna Solutrean. 



(a) Warm fauna Mousterian, warm. 



Ill Glaciation, or Rissian Mousterian, cold. 



Second Interglacial, Mindel-Riss Chellean. 



II Glaciation, or Mindelian. 



First Interglacial, Giinz-Mindel. 

 I Glaciation, or Giinzian. 



Two of Penck's correlations appear to be confirmed today, namely : 



Postglacial time: Buhl stage=Magdalenian industry. 

 Second Interglacial time : Mindel-Riss = Chellean industry. 



Three of Penck's correlations have since been modified, as follows : 



Postglacial time: Steppe faunal stage = Solutrean industry. 



IV Glacial time : Tundra faunal stage = Mousterian industry. 



Third Interglacial time: Final warm fauna = pre-Mousterian industry. 



From 1909 Penck's peri- Alpine time standards (based on glacial and 

 interglacial phenomena) have been generally employed by European 

 glaciologists and archeologists with gradually increasing precision, as 

 shown in the correlations of Hugo Obermaier (1909-1921), who began 

 his career as a geologist in the first decade of this century, as field 

 assistant to Professor Penck, before entering the field of archeology. As 

 an original and highly trained observer in both fields, Obermaier's con- 

 clusions as expressed, first, in his technical papers of 1909 (1909.1), 

 and then summarized in his popular works of 1912 and 1916 (1912.1, 

 1916.1), merit the greatest consideration. In the latter, benefiting by 

 his observations in Spain, he works out, in a noteworthy manner, the 

 glaciated Pyrenees region. 



