452 OSBORN AND REEDS PREHISTORY OF MAN IN EUROPE 



Pre-Chellean. — Prototypes of coups Pre-Chcllean. — This rare prerChel- 

 de poing formed of flint nodules, with lean industry is found at the base of 

 crust only partially removed. Flint the gravels of the terrace of 28-30 

 forms partly accidental ; retouch lim- meters, at St. Acheul on the Somme. 

 ited to the few strokes necessary to The industry also occurs in the gise- 

 give a point or edge to the tool or to ment du Champ de Mars, near Abbe- 

 allow a firm grasp by the hand (pro- ville, on the Somme. in association 

 tective retouch). Continued use of with the Etruscan rhinoceros (A', 

 chance and accidental forms of flints, etruscus), Steno's horse (E. steno- 



nis), and very numerous specimens 

 of the saber-tooth tiger (Machwro- 

 dus), of the striped hyena (H. 

 striata), and of the hippopotamus. 



Cergy, in the valley of the Oise, presents an extensive erosion (decapage 

 pousse tres loin) of the terrace of 30 meters. 



Montieres-les-Amiens, on the Somme, exhibits a full series of sections 

 showing a Monsterian industry superposed on gravels spared by the 

 erosion of the terrace of 30 meters and containing flints of Chellean- 

 Acheulean age. This secondary ravinement or erosion is frequently 

 observed in the Paris basin. According to Commont (1916.1, page 350) : 



". . . L'activite des cours d'eau a cette epoque explique que les alluvions 

 deja deposees anterieurement out ete recouvertes par des alluvions nious- 

 teriennes les ayant meme completement ravinees et qui ont ainsi mis en con- 

 tact des industries humaines et des faunes d'age different, rendant parfois les 

 recherches difficiles aux prehistoriens et aux geologues." 



Mauer, on the Neckar, near Heidelberg (figures 6 and ?), a celebrated 

 formation which contained the lower jaw of Homo lieidelbergensis, is, 

 according to Deperet, at the base of the terrace of 32 meters. It is 

 covered by a thick deposit of loess. [Leverett is now of the opinion 

 that the height of the terrace on the Neckar should have less weight than 

 the weathering in determining its age.] 



The Chellean industry, with its warm fauna and primitive amygdaloid 

 implements, corresponds to the base of the terrace of 30 meters, or 

 Tyrrhenian, whereas the Acheulean industry, with more advanced 

 amygdaloid implements and mixture of colder and warmer fauna, occurs 

 in the superior portion of the same terrace. This succession is observed 

 in France in the valleys of the Somme (Saint Acheul, Abbeville) and 

 of the Seine (Montreuil, La Celle-sous-Moret) ; in England in the valleys 

 of the Thames, of the Avon, and of the Ouse; in Belgium in the valleys 

 of the Meuse, of the Haine, and of the Lys; in southern Germany the 

 horizon of Mauer near Heidelberg, with a warm fauna and Homo heidel- 

 bergensis, occurs at the base of a terrace of 32 meters in the valley of the 



