CORRELATION OF THE TIME DIVISIONS 459 



vallee de la Meuse et de ses affluents. 7° Si ces terrasses sont en relation 

 avec des phenomenes glaciaires, ce qu'il faudrait encore demontrer, l'arrivee 

 de rhomnie acheuleen serait en tons cas posterieure a la formation des 

 terrasses qui, aux environs de Liege, se niaintiennent aux environs de la cote 

 70 au dessus du niveau des cours d'eau." 



This locality is one of the most important in Europe, archeologically, 

 as determined by Victor Commont of Amiens and Marcel de Puydt in 

 1911. The Hesbayen loess, horizon of Sainte-Walburge, a suburb of 

 Liege, contains at its base an early Mousterian industry (vieux Mous- 

 terien) fashioned by a race contemporary with the mammoth and 

 Rhinoceros tichorhinns. This Hesbayen loess (8 meters in thickness) 

 is not regarded by the authors as of eolian origin, for it contains glacial 

 boulders. The second hypothesis, that it is of fluviatile origin, also meets 

 the grave objection that throughout the mass of loess are worked flints 

 of Mousterian age. These authors believe they have demonstrated that 

 previous to the early Mousterian — that is, the arrival of Mousterian 

 man — the valleys of the Meuse and of its affluents eroded to their present 

 actual level. The existing geographic relations had thus been established 

 in preceding Acheulean times, as quoted in 7°, ahove cited. In the 

 antecedent Acheulean industry, in caverns along the Meuse and its tribu- 

 taries, we find Acheulean implements with the Mousterian, without any 

 trace of deposition between them. Consequently, if we eliminate the 

 eolian and fluviatile theories of deposition of the Hesbayan loess, only 

 one interpretation remains, namely, that this loess is a stream deposit 

 (depot de ruissellement) . The geologic and archeologic succession is 

 clearly shown in the accompanying sections, figures 9 and 10. 



This loess was redeposited after the alluvial depositions of the "high''' 

 and of the "middle" terraces. Theoretically, the true Hesbayen loess 

 corresponds to the ancient loess of other localities. Consequently the 

 industry of its base is of Acheulean age, but throughout the middle and 

 upper layers is found an archaic Mousterian. The formation is that of 

 tributary streams pouring out of ravines and redepositing the loess on the 

 Hesbayan plateau. Here were united the three conditions necessary for 

 the existence of the tribes of the Stone Age, namely: (1) Immediate 

 proximity of water; (2) proximity of flint material ready for the in- 

 dustry; (3) presence of extensive hunting territory. 



The authors emphasize the fact that from the beginning of Prepaleo- 

 lithic time, the valleys being completely eroded, we should not expect to 

 find ancient camps high above the level of the streams. 



Terrace levels of Belgium. — The authors again emphasize the terrace 

 levels, which concur with those observed in France by Deperet: 



XXXI — Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 33, 1921 



