CORRELATION OF THE TIME DIVISIONS 461 



Both as to the relation of the industry to the terraces and as to the 

 mode of deposition of the loess, the authors differ widely from the theory 

 held by A. Kutot, the distinguished archeologist. 



Correlation: Mousterian Industry = Beginning at the End of Arid Lower 

 Loess and extending through IV Glacial Maximum (Wurm 

 of Penck, Monastirian of Deperet) = Ter- 

 races of 18-20 Meters 



This correlation is the most firmly established of any. The transition 

 between the Acheulean and Mousterian industries, known as Acheuleo- 

 Mousterian, is gradual and archeologists differ in the application of terms. 

 Schmidt, for example, regards Krapina, with its lN"eanderthaloid men, 

 as a true Acheulean station of the same age as the "loess" station of 

 Ehringsdorf, but lacking some of the typical implements, while the dis- 

 coverer of Krapina man, Gorjanovic-Kramberger, also Breuil and Dechel- 

 ette, regard the Krapina implements as of the so-called warm Mousterian, 

 inasmuch as the last elements of the warm fauna survived, namely, 

 Merck's rhinoceros and the straight-tusked elephant (E. antiquus). The 

 industrial and climatic divisions of the Mousterian (compare Osborn, 

 1915.2) are as follows: 



Late Mousterian industry of La Spread of all the arctic and tundra 

 Quina. — Life and industry of the mammals over western Europe, in- 

 Neanderthal races, chiefly in the eluding the musk-ox ; southern migra- 

 shelters, grottoes, and entrances to tions of lemmings of the steppes, 

 the caverns. 



Middle or Full Monsterian industry Appearance of arctic and tundra 

 of the Neanderthal race. — Life and life, mammoths and reindeer, includ- 

 industry chiefly in the shelters, grot- ing mammals and birds of the Arctic 

 toes, and entrances to the caverns. region, first forerunners of the north- 

 ern steppe life. 



Transition from the Mousterian to So-called "warm Mousterian'" fauna, 



the late Acheulean industry, the so- including probable northward migra- 

 called Ache uleo-M oust erian. — Stations tions during the summer season of 

 of La Micoque and Combe-Capelle. the hippopotamus, Merck's rhinoceros, 

 Tribal life. Industry partly in open the straight-tusked elephant, animals 

 stations, partly under sheltering cliffs, observed in association with the 



Mousterian culture as far north as 

 the ' §omme Valley at Montieres-les- 

 Amiens and along the Vezere Valley, 

 Dordogne. 



In the temperate climate of northern Italy the men of early Mous- 

 terian times were contemporaneous with the hippopotamus, the straight- 



