462 OSBORN AND REEDS PREHISTORY OE MAN IN EUROPE 



tusked elephant, and Merck's rhinoceros. There is evidence that Merck's 

 rhinoceros and the straight-tusked elephant lingered in southern and 

 western Europe during the whole period of the early development of the 

 Mousterian industry. On this point Mayet (1921.2, page 486) observes: 



"Le Mousterien se place en partie dans l'interglaciation Riss-Wurm. On 

 objectera qu'alors le Mousterien a faune froide se trouve commencer dans une 

 periode interglaciaire. Mais, dans divers gisements, a Villefranche notam- 

 ment — le Mousterien ancien se recontre associe a une faune chaude a 

 Rhinoceros Mercki et si une periode interglaciaire suppose un rechauffement 

 climaterique dans sa premiere partie (fonte et retrait des glaces, phase de 

 ereusement rapide des vallees . . . ) une nouvelle extension glaciaire 

 est, necessairement, la consequence d'une phase froide et surtout huniide 

 pendant la moitie ou les deux tiers terminaux de la periode interglaciaire — 

 et cela repond bien a ce que Ton peut constater pendant la longue evolution 

 des industries et de la faune mousteriennes." 



The terrace of 18-20 meters. — The horizons included in the terrace of 

 18-20 meters and exhibiting the Mousterian industry associated with a 

 cold tundra fauna, the mammoth (Elephas primigenius), the woolly 

 rhinoceros (Rhinoceros tichorhinus) , reindeer, etcetera, are numerous 

 and their stratigraphic localization in these deposits calls for no further 

 discussion; for example, at — 



(1) Saint Acheul and Montieres, in the valley of the Somme, as ob- 

 served by Commont (Commont, 1914.1) ; 



(2) Lower terraces of the valley of the Seine, near Paris, as observed 

 by Chaput (Chaput, 1921.1) ; 



(3) Levallois, Grenelle, Bois-Colombe, etcetera, in the valley of the 

 Seine ; 



(4) Artins, La Jarretiere, in the valley of the Loire (Chaput, 1917.1) ; 



(5) Pierrefitte-sur-Loire, in the valley of the Loire, below Digoin 

 (Chaput, 1917.1). 



The Mousterian industry (point es, mcloirs, lames) is everywhere 

 found associated with a cold fauna in the terrace of 18-20 meters, or 

 Monastirian. This relation, constantly observed in all valleys, is admitted 

 by all archeologists. It is nevertheless true that in the south of Europe 

 the warm fauna (Mousterien chaud, "warm Mousterian") persists at the 

 base of 20 meters (Summary by Deperet, 1921.1, page 126). Commont 

 believed that he found a "warm Mousterian'"' fauna in the Somme 

 gravels, but Vayson (1920.1, page 449) discredits it. 



