THE CYNTHIANA, CATHEYS, AND LEIPERS 583 



5. There is no evidence anywhere of emergence previous to, during, or 

 at the end of "Utica" time. There is ample evidence that Utica is a 

 facies of sedimentation and not a time division. It represented off-lap 

 deposits which progressed westward, but never reached central Tennes- 

 see. On this subject there is a considerable literature by Grabau, Euede- 

 mann, and the writer, and it does not require repetition. 



Summary 



All of the discussion in this paper must be understood as an attempt to 

 interpret the meaning of certain sediments and faunas. Others are much 

 more familiar with the areas in question than I am, and much work has 

 been done that never has been published. I have attempted to show that 

 physical conditions were very different in Tennessee from those which 

 obtained in Kentucky or other areas nearer the shore, and that the faunas 

 must be interpreted in the light of those conditions. It is very easy to 

 make correlations based on similarities or differences of fossils alone, 

 especially if one can warp the crust of the earth about at will, bring in 

 or abolish seas, and bring faunas ready made to the areas where they 

 were entombed. To actually unravel all the tangled skeins of mixed 

 faunas, evaluate earth movements which brought about only limited 

 emergences, and correlate the unlike faunas of the various facies of the 

 same sea is a more complex problem and will take more facts and longer 

 time for its solution. 



The rocks which make up the Hermitage and Bigby of central Ten- 

 nessee show the physical characteristics of shallow-water deposits. The 

 coarsely crystalline, cross-bedded strata of the Hermitage and Capitol 

 appear to have been formed near a low, reef-barred shore or coral island, 

 and the "dove" may be interpreted as having been deposited in shallow 

 pools or lagoons. Both the "Bigby dove" and the Perryville dove (Sal- 

 visa) truncate the strata below, the whole series indicates intermittent 

 sedimentation, and it is possible to evaluate the element of time only ap- 

 proximately. Until the Perryville, conditions seem to have been more 

 quiet and normal in Kentucky, and the section in Tennessee must be 

 measured by that standard. 



There seem to be two possible interpretations of the Perryville, and 

 both involve uplift nearly or quite to emergence at the end of the Wood- 

 burn or the Perryville. Although, as indicated above, this formation is 

 generally confined to the southwestern flank of the Cincinnati dome, 

 Professor Miller 13 has found an exposure on the southeastern side near 



13 Second Ann. Rept. Kentucky Geol. Survey, ser. 4, vol. 2, 1914, p. 32. 



