5Q MR. P. DEBEXHAM ON A NEW [vol. lXXV r 



Our own experience of the raised deposits was equally extensive 

 and puzzling. It began with the finding of a new deposit on the 

 very first day that we landed on the west side of the Sound, at the- 

 rnouth of the Ferrar Glacier (Hi). The south side of this glacier 

 continues beyond the snout proper in a long tongue, which is afloat 

 and carries a good deal of moraine arranged in rough mounds. 

 On some of these mounds Avere a great man} 1 " Pecten shells with 

 fine silt. Xo search for other varieties Avas made, as at that time 

 it Avas not realized that they Avere on Avhat ma} r be considered 

 glacier-ice, although it was some 8 feet above the sea-ice proper. 



On the next day we visited the north side of the glacier, close to 

 its seaAvard end (H). At this point the side of the glacier abuts 

 on the steep scree-covered slopes of the hills as a line of high 

 pinnacles of ice coA T ered with a substance which Ave at first took 

 to be rock-dust blown from the neighbouring heights. Closer in- 

 vestigation shoAved that it Avas true mud, and contained numerous 

 fragments of marine organisms. It AA T as resting both on the high 

 pinnacles seen in the photograph (PL IV, fig. 1) and on the Ioav 

 mound of moraine in the foreground. The fragments included 

 felted masses of sponge-spicules, valves of Pecten, and tubes of 

 Serjndce, and Avere in great profusion. The tops of the pinnacles 

 Avere at least 20 feet above the level of the sea. At first, Ave 

 concluded that the strange position of the muds Avas due to the 

 pushing-up of the sea-bottom, but began to have doubts about 

 it when Ave found that many of the shells Avere of extreme 

 fragility, and, though perfectly fresh, broke readily in the hand. 

 Had Ave realized then that they represented the fauna of at least 

 50 or 60 fathoms depth, the ' pushing-up theory ' would have 

 received still less support. There is no tide-crack betAveen the end of 

 this glacier and the sea-ice, and the former is probably afloat for 

 as much as 5 miles back from this point, a fact of considerable 

 importance. This deposit must, I think, be correlated with 

 Mr. Ferrar' s discoveiy of a Pecten shell ' 10 miles up the Ferrar 

 Glacier,' for he mentions it as about 20 feet above the level of the 

 sea, and is obviously reckoning his distance from the end of the 

 tongue mentioned above. 



The next instance Avas during our attempts to find a feasible 

 sledge-route up the centre of the Koettlitz Glacier some Aveeks 

 later, Avhen Ave came upon abundant evidence of uplifted marine 

 organisms, though not in any definite deposit. The Lower Koett- 

 litz Glacier, like the LoAver Ferrar, is afloat at its seaward end, in 

 this case certainty for 7 or 8 miles. Over an area of 3 or 4 square 

 miles in the neighbourhood of the point marked (E) on the map 

 AA r e found an abundance of sponge-spicules on the ice, sometimes 

 in felted masses, but more often scattered singly. These Avere 

 probably AvindbloAvn in the majority of cases, coming from deposits 

 of the size that Ave found later, and the preA r alent wind being from 

 the south-east, they must have come from that direction. 



Actually at the point (E) another discovery Avas made which 

 seems to throw some light on the subject. This was the body of 



