part 3] INTEEGLACIAL L(E8R, ETC. OF DUBHAM COAST. 173 



1(). Oil a Deposit of Inteeglaciai Lcess, and some Trans- 

 ported PrEGLACIAL FfiESffWATEB CLAYS Oil the DURHAM 



Coast. By Charles Tatlor Teechmann, D.Sc, F.G.S. 



(Read December 18th, 1918.) 



Contents. 



Page 



I. Introduction 173 



II. Description of the Bed of Loess 174 



III. Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of the Loess ... 176 



IV. Notes on the Scandinavian Boulder-Clay at Warren- 



House Gill 178 



V. The Freshwater Shelly Clays with Plant-Remains, Mam- 

 malian Bones, etc 181 



VI. Comparison and Correlation with the European Drifts ... 184 

 VII. Evidence pointing to Interglacial Periods among the 



Durham Coastal Drifts 187 



VIII. Secpience of Episodes in the Glacial History of East 



Durham 192 



IX. Pleistocene Marine Mollusca from Durham 194 



X. Description of the Plant-Remains by Mrs. E. M. Reid ... 197 



XL Description of the Mosses by H. N. Dixon 200 



XII. Description of the Non-Marine Mollusca by A. S. Kennard 



& B. B. Woodward 200 



XIII. Description of the Bones of Elephas bj' C. W. Andrews . . . 201 



XIV. Description of the Rodent Teeth by M. A. C. Hinton 201 



1 . Introduction. 



The object of this paper is to describe some phenomena connected 

 with the earlier Glacial deposits that are exposed on the Durham 

 coast. The beds to which attention is more particularly directed 

 form part of, or are connected with, a recently-discovered deposit 

 of Scandinavian Drift. They comprise the following: — 



(1) A bed of material that, in chemical, physical, and stratigraphical 



characters, presents every appearance of complete identity with the 

 true loess of the European Continent. 



(2) Some deposits of brown, grey, and bluish clay containing a varied 



assortment of organic remains, including shells of non-marine mollusca, 

 ostracod valves, mammalian bones and teeth, trees, seeds, mosse>. and 

 other plant-remains : the whole having been transported by the ad- 

 vancing Scandinavian ice-sheet. 



Both the above-mentioned deposits, in common with other phe- 

 nomena connected with the earliest advance of the Scandinavian 

 ice-sheet, are preserved in Preglacial hollows, valleys, and fissures in 

 the Magnesian Limestone. All of them are earlier than, and 

 completely underlie the later local Glacial accumulations, to which 

 1 gave the appellation of Main Drift, and containing local 

 English and Scottish erratics. These erratics are completely 



