part 3] LCESS, ETC. OF THE DURHAM COAST. 170 



by the later ice that flowed over it, were well exposed, and recalled 

 some sections of contorted Drift that I have seen in East Anglia. 



On the foreshore a great selection of Norwegian stones was seen 

 sticking out of the surface of the hard gre} r shelly clay, together 

 with splintered Hints, hits of chalk, and angular pieces of Permian 

 limestone recalling the concretionary beds of the Upper Magnesian 

 Limestone, but not entirely to be matched with any bed that I 

 know in the Durham area. Several masses of red and green mail 

 identical with that which occurs in fissures north and south of the 

 Scandinavian Drift, indicated that the material filling them was 

 transported by the same agency as that which carried the Scandi- 

 navian Boulder-Clay. 



I collected a large series of the more peculiar erratics of Scandi- 

 navian origin, and these should, if possible, be examined by some- 

 authority who is well acquainted with the rocks of South Norway. 

 The more characteristic rock-types are easily recognized, and in my 

 former paper I gave a list of percentages of the different varieties 

 that occur in this clay. Subsequent collecting tends to con firm 

 the rough estimate that I gave then, and to support the South. 

 Norwegian origin of the whole series. 



Fragments of dark limestone, apparently Norwegian, occasionally 

 occur, but only in very small pieces ; one of these contained a few 

 specimens of a small Orthis~\jke brachiopod. 



With regard to fossils, other than Pleistocene shells, the only 

 specimens that have occurred are a fragment of a belemnite and a 

 piece of white limestone, probably of Tertiary age, containing a 

 few obscure gasteropods. 



A few additional species of Pleistocene shells have been found, 

 the chief among these being Cardium eihtle Linnaeus, and the in- 

 teresting American species Cyrtodaria silif/ua Spengler. 1 have 

 also succeeded in obtaining some perfect valves of Cardium 

 island icinn Linnaeus, by carefully collecting and joining together 

 again the fragments of more or less crushed specimens that occur 

 in the clay. 



Near the base of a fissure marked x in fig. 2 (p. 180), I was for- 

 tunate in collecting some mammalian bones. They occurred among 

 rubbly calcreted Magnesian Limestone, with small fragments of 

 Scandinavian stones among it. The fissure near the base of which 

 the bones occurred, is overlain by loess-like Drift, and so the bones 

 are earlier than the Scandinavian Drift, and agree in this respect 

 with the bones of JElephas and rodents found in the red fissure 

 2 miles away to the south. There is nothing, however, to show 

 that they are of exactly the same age, and, as they are quite un- 

 worn and unseratched, they cannot have been glacially transported 

 for any great distance with the limestone-fragments among which 

 they occurred. 



They may have lain in a small fissure or rock-shelter (near 

 the spot where they were found) which had collapsed or had 

 been crushed into the fissure under the weight of the advancing 

 ice-sheet. Thev consist of two astragali and a fragment of a 



