part3] INTEUul.Ai IAI. LCESS, ETC. OF DURHAM COAST. 1M 



limb-bone. Dr. C. W. Andrews, F.R.S., has kindly examined tins, 



hones for me, and reports as follows: — 



' The smaller of the two astragali is either that of a fallow deer or of some 

 closely-allied species (for instance, Cervus broicni). The other also belonged 

 to a deer about as big- as the red deer, but does not seem to agree exactly 

 with it. I am afraid that no more information can be extracted from the 

 bones, for astragali of this group are all very much alike. The little frag- 

 ment is undeterminable.' 



V. Tut: Freshwater Shelly Clays with Plant- 

 Remains, Mammalian Bones, etc. 



In my account of the Scandinavian Drift of the Durham coast 

 I described some fissures filled with red mottled sandstone, varie- 

 gated green and grey marl, peaty wood, and other materials, and 

 gave reasons for concluding that this material had been carried 

 along the fringe or margin of the first ice-sheet that advanced upon 

 the East Coast of England, namely, that which transported the 

 Scandinavian erratics at Warren-House Gill. 



I described each of the more important of these fissures, and 

 marked the position of ten of them on a glaciological map of the 

 district. They occupy a stretch of about G miles of the coast, 

 and the true Scandinavian Drift with marine shells occurs about 

 the central point of this stretch of coast. 



Two of the fissures south of the Scandinavian Drift were parti- 

 cularly well exposed last summer between tide-marks on the fore- 

 shore, and in the bottom of these I found a considerable quantity of 

 grey and brown freshwater clay which contained a varied assortment 

 of organic material comprising a fairly large series of species of 

 non-marine mollusca, very plentiful carapaces of ostracods, peaty 

 trunks of trees, mosses, seeds, and other plant-remains, together 

 with bones of small fishes, and a few scanty mammalian bones. 

 The latter include, up to the present, only teeth and skull-fragments 

 of a rodent and some elephant-bones. 



It is noticeable that in these two fissures the above-mentioned 

 clays with organic remains occupy only the lower part of the fissure 

 where it occurs on the foreshore, and are not seen in the section 

 in the cliff, which is filled solely by crushed red and grey Permian 

 marl and big angular masses of Magnesian Limestone. The last- 

 mentioned materials, however, occur plentifully mixed up with 

 the freshwater clays between tide-marks, but occupy chiefly the 

 part adjacent to the sides of the fissure or hollow into which the 

 material has been thrust. 



The two fissures to which I refer are adjacent one to the other, 

 occurring about 2 miles south of Warren-House Gill, and are im- 

 mediately north of a footpath that leads down to the coast from 

 Blackball Colliery. They are marked by the Nos. 4 & 5 on the 

 diagrammatic sketch of the shore-section (fig. 3, p. 182), the 

 numbers being the same as those on the glaciological map of the 

 district already mentioned. 



