184 DB. C. T. TEECHMAXX OX INTEEaLACTAL [vol. IXXV, 



the included organic remains, it would appear that the brown 

 rather sandy clay containing the majority of the seeds and the mam- 

 malian bones is older than the pale-blue and grey sticky clay in 

 which most of the freshwater shells are found. 



The former contains seeds of plants determined as belonging to a 

 flora earlier than the Cromerian. The elephant-bones occurred in a 

 rather similar clay, which did not apparently contain seeds, and 

 are said not to belong to the mammoth, but without much doubt 

 to Eleplias meridionalis, a characteristic Cromerian species. 



The evidence from the freshwater shells is less certain, and seems 

 to indicate a later period ; but Mr. A. S. Kennard & Mr. B. B. 

 Woodward, who very kindly examined them for me, are inclined 

 to modify this opinion, since so little is at present known of other 

 freshwater shelly faunas of corresponding age in the North of 

 England. 



The grey and blue clay containing the numerous freshwater shells 

 yields very few, if any, seeds ; but a somewhat similar clay occurs 

 in close association with it, which, though almost or quite devoid 

 of shells, contains a quantity of small fish-bones and abundant 

 Enfomostraca. I washed a small quantity of seeds from a sample 

 of this clay in Fissure 4. Mrs. E. M. Eeid kindly examined these 

 for me, and remarks that they differ from the material washed 

 from the fragment of brown clay in Fissure 5, in the following- 

 details : — 



(1) Unlike the other samples, the vegetable matter is not pyriti?ed, or if so. 



in a very slight degree. 



(2) It contains no moss, whereas the other samples do. 



(3) Except three fruits, which apparently belong to some species of Cirsiv/m 



or Chamsepane (thistle tribe), all the species are aquatic or riparian, 

 and all, with the doubtful exception of the Myriophyllwn and the 

 Cirsium (?). are British species. There are ten species in all. 



(4) It contains no restricted Teglian or Reuverian species. 



Mrs. Eeid goes on to say that it is highly probable that these 

 differences indicate some difference of horizon, and that they 

 certainly indicate a difference of habitat of the plants. 



In all probability, the material, when in its original 

 situation, formed a northerly continuation of the 

 Pliocene and early Pleistocene (Teglian and Cro- 

 merian) freshwater deposits resting on a bed of Upper 

 Permian marls some distance east of the coast, in 

 what is now the bed of the North Sea; it was torn 

 up bodily by the advancing foot of the Scandinavian 

 ice-sheet, and thrust in a greatly commingled condi- 

 tion into the fissures and cavities of the rock. 



yi. comparisox and coeeelatiox with the 

 Eleopeax Drifts. 



I should feel inclined to regard the freshwater shelly claj T s with 

 trees and seeds in the fissures on the Durham coast, on purely 

 geological evidence, as the equivalent in age of the Cromer fiuviatile 



