188 DR. C. T. TEECHMAM CM INTEBGLACIAL [vol. lxXV„ 



in it point to prolonged weathering and consequent decalcification 

 of the incoherent substance. 



In Europe the loess is found almost exclusively along the southern 

 border of the region that was occupied by the Scandinavian glacier 

 at its maximum extension, and is sometimes Interglacial and 

 sometimes Postglacial. 



Further evidence, pointing to a pause of very considerable 

 duration, is afforded hj the decomposition and rotting of boulders 

 and stones embedded in the loess and lcess-like Drift near its upper 

 surface. The most conspicuous example was that of a big rounded 

 boulder of Norwegian titaniferous syenite, which I found embedded 

 in yellow loess-like Drift about a foot below its surface, on the top 

 of the Magnesian -Limestone cliff, near the southern edge of the 

 old Preglacial valley of Warren-House Grill. 



The position of this boulder is indicated {a) in a diagram which 

 I made of this section (fig. 2, p. 180). When I first saw it, at 

 the end of 1913. some workmen had just thrown the boulder 

 down from the cliff on to the sands below. It measured 3 x 2 5 x 2 

 feet, and had been resting directly on the calcreted rubbly surface 

 of the rock, and much of the calcreted gravel was adhering to it. 

 Its surface w T as rotted and decomposed to a depth of 3 inches or 

 so, and pieces of the smooth boulder could be easily flaked off with 

 a hammer. It has been lying on the shore exposed to the action 

 of the waves for more than four years, and the rotted outer surface 

 is now battered away, leaving the undecomposed inside portion. 

 The rotting of its surface points to its having been exposed for a 

 prolonged but indefinite period to the agency of weathering near 

 the surface of the porous Drift, since it was carried across from 

 Norway before the overlying local Boulder-Clays were laid down 

 over it. 



In a similar manner nearly all the smaller fragments of laur- 

 vikite and titaniferous syenite, together with many of the gneisses 

 and schists buried near the surface of the Scandinavian Drift, are 

 more or less completely rotted, often sufficiently so to crumble to 

 pieces between the fingers. 



I have noticed a similar decomposition in some of the granite- 

 ancl gneiss-boulders in the higher parts of the latest kaim-like 

 gravelly deposits in this district, but never so frequently as is the 

 case in the upper layers of portions of the old Scandinavian Drift 

 at Warren -House Grill. 



In fact, the whole aspect, apart from the question of position, 

 of the Scandinavian Drift and the various deposits connected with 

 it and left in the hollows in the rock by the earliest invading 

 ice-sheet, is a more ancient one. The clays and red and green 

 marls are very strongly slickensided, a feature that I have never 

 observed, or only to the very smallest degree, in the overlying local 

 and later boulder-clays. The slickensiding points to direct trans- 

 port beneath an ice-sheet of different character and of exceptional 

 thickness. 



The following points of general evidence of a less direct nature 



