No. 2.] Reprints and Extracts. 55 



" With regard to lessening amount of caterpillar attack by capture of the 

 butterflies. 



" Where cabbage is grown as a field crop, probably neither hand capture nor 

 syringing could be brought to bear, but there are very many gardens, where for 

 an extremely small sum a couple of boys might at an hour a day for a few days 

 do a deal towards preservation of the cabbage and cauliflower supply for house 

 service. Syringing may very easily be managed without inconvenient loss of 

 time for the few successions of applications needed. 



" For those who may care to try the kerosine emulsion itself, I give one of the 

 United States of American Department of Agriculture recipes for proportion of 

 Ingredients and method of mixing : — 



" Add one gallon of water in which a quarter of a pound of soft soap (or any 

 other coarse soap preferred) has been dissolved boiling or hot to two gallons of 

 petroleum or other mineral oil. The mixture is then churned as it were together 

 by means of a spray-nozzled syringe or double-action pump for ten minutes, by 

 means of which the oil, soap and water are so thoroughly combined that the mix- 

 ture settles down into a cream-like consistency, and does not, if the operation has 

 been properly performed, separate again. 



" This is diluted with three or four times its bulk of water for a watering ; if 

 required for a wash, at least nine times its bulk is needed — that is, three gallons 

 of 'emulsion' as it is termed, make thirty gallons of wash. Warning is. given 

 that care must be taken with each new crop to ascertain the strength that can be 

 borne by the leafage. 



v To those who have not the knack of combining the soap wash and oil the 

 process is very tedious, and unless these are so thoroughly incorporated as not to 

 separate, the application is likely to be very injurious from the (then) undiluted 

 mineral oil burning- the leaves. 



" For this reason I use the so-called Antipest sold by Messrs. Morris, Little 

 and Son, Doncaster, as it only requires diluting, and I have found it answer very 

 well as an insect wash, and save both time and risk. 



" It might be well worthwhile to try the effect of syringings with a solution of 

 soft soap, without any addition. This would be to some degree a deterrent of 

 attack, and would help to some slight degree to support the plants by causing a 

 damp air round them, and moistening the surface of the ground with a slightly 

 stimulating wash without at the same time attracting the White Butterflies. 

 Their attack is most prejudicial in the hot and dry weather, and, so far as my own 

 Observation goes, the application of water alone is almost immediately followed by 

 an increased amount of prevalence of the butterflies on the beds." 



2. Corn and Grass Pest. 



Ravages by Crane-flies (Daddy longlegs). Genus Tipula. 



Prevention and remedies. 



" Nitrate of soda acts well, as being a rapid fertilizer, and also obnoxious to 

 the grub ; and has been reported as having thoroughly good results, given at the 



