rll2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



■quois, or else the movement was so slow that it was not positively 

 registered in the Iroquois beaches. Any tilting during the life 

 of Lake Iroquois was at the most onlv 1 foot a mile, or one fifth 

 of the entire warping. 



The maturity of the shore line is so far advanced that it would 

 seem to have required at least a few thousand years. The pres- 

 ent rate of northward differential uplift of the area of the great 

 lakes has been recently estimated by Mr Gilbert as equal to .42 

 foot in 100 miles in 100 years. At this rate it would take 10,000 

 years to produce in the Kichland-Watertown stretch of shore line 

 (26 miles) a deformation of merely 11 feet, and at least 12 times 

 as long to produce the deformation which actually exists. 



Conclusion 



As the result of this study, two conclusions appear reasonable. 

 They are : 1 The warping of the eastern end of the Ontario basin 

 has occurred mostly, if not entirely, since the extinction of Lake 

 Iroquois, as the shore seems equally tilted. 



2 The large amount of tilting considered in connection with 

 the usual estimates of post-glacial time (10,000 to 50,000 years) 

 would indicate that the rate of deformation has been much 

 greater than the present rate, at least for the local area. 



2 SYRACUSE-OXEIDA DISTRICT 



General statement 



In recent publications (see p. 105 for references) the writer has 

 described the remarkable channels in the region southeast and 

 east of Syracuse, which were produced by the eastward escape 

 of the glacial waters from the Onondaga, Butternut and Lime- 

 stone valleys. The highest of these ancient channels were prob- 

 ably cut by the escape of local waters held by the ice sheet in the 

 deep valleys now occupied by the streams named above. The 

 lower and more capacious channels were certainly made by the 

 great rivers which drained the vast glacial lakes that fronted the 

 ice sheet far westward across the Ontario, the Erie and the 

 southern Huron basins. The general history and description of 



