rll6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



lengthwise channeling by flowing waters. 1 mile west, w^here 

 crossed by a north and south highway, the river channel is well 

 formed, about 30 rods wide and 20 to 30 feet deep, with definite 

 banks. PI. 17 and 18 reproduce two photographs of the channel 

 at the road crossing. 



This outlet which we may call the Fabius outlet, since it leads 

 toward that village, some 3 miles away, remained the outlet of a 

 large glacial lake (Manlius-Oazenovia lake) for a long time. When 

 the glacier front receded some 11 miles, it uncovered a lower pass, 

 at Perryville (Blakeslee), about 5 miles northeast of Cazenovia 

 which was the first of a series of channels giving eastward escape 

 for the waters (see p. 124). 



Moraines. The heaviest and most conspicuous massing of 

 moraine drift is at the head of the Limestone valley proper, 1 

 mile south of Delphi village. A southward continuation of this 

 moraine stretches about 3 miles to the foot of the Deruyter reser- 

 voir. Another small valley moraine has already been mentioned 

 as constituting the divide in the valley south of New Woodstock. 

 The higher, or hill ground does not carry heavy drift, but the 

 lower ground holds considerable moraine, or kame drift. Most 

 of the surface between Cazenovia and Kew^ Woodstock is 

 morainal, and that which lies below 1300 feet is of a rounded, 

 smooth and subdued form characteristic of moraine deposits laid 

 down under water. This area can be well seen from the Lehigh 

 Valley railroad. 



Special features. In the northern part of the area of the 

 Cazenovia sheet the drift is mostly in the form of drumlins, 

 specially on the higher ground. West of Cazenovia lake the 

 ridge which divides the valley from the Limestone valley is cut 

 by a deep notch, plainly shown on the map. The altitude of this 

 notch is about 1270 feet, and it must therefore have held a strait 

 which connected the two branches of the glacial lake. 



Manlius-Cazenovia glacial lake 

 Geography. The glacial lake in the Limestone valley filled the 

 valley from Deruyter reservoir as far northward as Manlius, a 



