REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AND STATE GEOLOGIST 1900 rll7 



distance of about 15 miles. Its breadth, in this valley, was only 

 2 or 3 miles, but it had a branch or fork on the east which filled 

 the shallow valley of Cazenovia dnd the narrow, deep valley of 

 Chittenango creek, thus making a lake of considerable area but 

 irregular shape (pi. 20). 



All the overflow of these glacial waters was contributed to the 

 south flowing Tioughnioga creek; those of the New Woodstock 

 phase to the west branch of that creek, those of the Deruyter 

 phase to the middle branch, and those of the larger, more im- 

 portant Manliue-Cazenovia lake to the west branch. During the 

 time which we are considering the Tioughnioga was a large river, 

 carrying to the Susquehanna the abundant waters from the melt- 

 ing of a long stretch of the glacier, and deeply filling portions of 

 its ancient valley with detritus from the glacial drift. 



Deltas. The most conspicuous delta in the basin of the Manlius- 

 Cazenovia lake is at Union Corners, 1 mile west of Delphi station 

 on the Lehigh Valley railroad. A broad delta was built here by 

 the New Woodstock creek, with a summit plateau of 1280 feet 

 altitude. The village of New Woodstock stands on a delta plain 

 built in the lake by the united action of the two branches of the 

 creek. PL 21 is a view of* the eroded edge of the upper level of 

 the plain north of the village. 



Remnants of other deltas may be found where stream® poured 

 down into the ancient lake. Other evidences of standing water 

 may also be frequently seen, such as leveled stretches, produced 

 by the filling of shallow places by land wash or by peaty accumu- 

 lation. Hints of wave cutting will be rare. The evidences of 

 standing water should be looked for somewhat above the 1300 

 contour at the north edge of the quadrangle, and somewhat below 

 this contour at the middle of the sheet. 



Differential uplift. The reader should not forget that the map 

 contours do not show the precise altitude of the region at the time 

 of the ice retreat, as since that time there has been a northward 

 uplift or tilting of the earth's surface over all the area of the 

 Laurentian basin. The amount of tilting in this region is not 



