REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AND STATE GEOLOGIST 1900 rl23 



(see p. 126). They have been briefly described, mapped and illus- 

 trated in former writings {see p. 105 for references). 



Among the channels described for the first time in this paper 

 are several of ravine character headed by cataract cliffs. A very 

 interesting ravine heads 3 miles east of Jamesville and about 2 

 miles southwest of Manlius, with a cataract cliff about 125 feet 

 high and an amphitheater about 50 rods across. The bottom of 

 the ravine is a smooth meadow with two levels. The upper level 

 is about i mile long, the surface being a perfectly smooth floor 

 of fine detritus. The lower end of this meadow drops off abruptly 

 20 feet to another meadow, about 20 rods wide and J mile long, 

 opening to the valley of Limestone creek, about a mile from Man- 

 lius village. This ravine is indicated by the contours on the 

 upper adjacent corners of the Tully and Cazenovia sheets. The 

 walls are nearly vertical and in limestone. The manner in which 

 the channel was filled so as to produce the ^smooth meadows has 

 not been investigated, but the pile of rock rubbish which forms 

 the step from the lower meadow to the upper meadow suggests 

 a damming at that point, and a filled lake above it. This gorge 

 was probably cut by the hypo- Warren waters, as the altitude at 

 the crest of the fall is under 800 feet, and the mouth of the chan- 

 nel is under 600 feet. We will name this the Manlius gorge. 



North of the Manlius gorge and west of the village, the east- 

 facing escarpment is tremendously cut and gullied by the floods. 

 Evergreen lake (p. 127) lies in a plunge basin excavated by these 

 waters, and a dry basin lies a quarter of a mile south of Ever- 

 green lake. Farther north is the large High Bridge, or White 

 lake, channel, which has been described in former writings. 



The north face of Eagle hill is all stream-swept, from 1100 feet 

 down, while the eastern slope is trenched with ravines (pi. 

 28-30). Two notable gorges occur along the north side of the 

 road leading east to Chittenango village. The larger of these is 

 about 1 mile from the village, and near the junction of a road 

 from the south (pi. 30). A large ravine with cataract head 

 occurs northwest of Eagle hill, described in earlier writings as 

 the Mycenae channel (pi. 25, 26). This belongs with the lower 

 or Warren series. 



