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NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



U shape, inclosing a peninsula that is nearly an island. It is said 

 to be mostly shallow, and the deepest place 50 feet. At first 

 sight its genesis is not evident. The walls are stony rubbish, 

 and no rock was seen in place. It might not unreasonably be 

 regarded as a solution sink, or as a morainal kettle, i mile south 

 •occurs a dry basin, also shown on the Syracuse sheet, which lies 

 evidently in the course of a plunging stream. This directs atten- 

 tion to the fact that all the east-facing slope of the hill has been 

 «carred and gouged by immense floods of water pouring over the 

 cliffs. All the features of this slope are either the work of the 

 plunging waters or of some subsequent action, since the floods 

 must have obliterated all earlier features. If these basins were 

 produced by solution of underlying salt beds or other strata and 

 sinlving of the surface, the walls should be of rock, and their form 

 should be quite different. Ko other suggestion of their origin is 

 presented. It seems to the writer that Evergreen lake certainly 

 has the same origin as the other cataract lakes. Its elevation is 

 under 620 feet by the map. 



Round and Green lakes (pi. 35). These two lakes, which may 

 be considered together, lie 3 miles northeast of Fayetteville, and 

 close to the Erie canal, south of Kirkville. Their origin is not 

 so certain as that of the lakes above described, but the writer is 

 confident that it is the same. The two lakes, with their sur- 

 rounding topography, are showTi on the Chittenango sheet. They 

 lie near together, at nearly the same level, being separated by a 

 swamp. The elevation of the lower, or Green lake, is given by 

 the map as 418 feet. Their waters are very sulfurous, and the 

 low shores are largely a calcareous deposit. The lakes may 

 originally have been one, and divided by the accumulation of 

 vegetal and calcareous matter over a shallow place. The depth 

 of both lakes is stated by J. H. T. E. Burr of Cazenovia, who has 

 made several careful soundings of each lake, to be 165 feet. 



The rocks in which these lakes lie is soft Salina shale, which 

 may account for the sloping walls of the basins, and the absence 

 of a steep or cataract head above the upper lake. Leading to the 

 lakes from the southwest is a fine river channel excavated in the 



