1 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



sent little of interest. The same may be said of New Jersey and 

 eastern Pennsylvania. Mr Squier observed that above Wilkesbarre, 

 " still further to the northwest, near the borders of New York and 

 forming an unbroken chain with the works of that state, are found 

 other remains." These extended still farther south and passed into 

 Ohio near Lake Erie. The line reached Toledo, and many of the 

 simple earthworks had double walls. West of Niagara river there 

 was a line of earthworks commencing on the east of Elgin 

 county, Canada, and nearly reaching Detroit. Early and recent 

 ossuaries were frequent at the west end of Lake Ontario and 

 northward into the Huron country. This was in Simcoe county, 

 Canada^ where Mr A. F. Hunter some years ago located 218 

 villages and 122 ossuaries. Some have been added, since, and 

 in 1899 he published accounts of 49 villages and 24 ossuaries 

 in the town of Tiny and vicinity. On both sides of the Bay 

 of Quinte was a group of curious mounds, usually arranged 

 in pairs and mostly built of stone. They reach from the 

 east line of the early Huron territory to Deseronto. Mounds 

 of a different character are found on the banks and islands 

 of the St Lawrence, and another group of earthworks occurs near 

 Prescott. These are of the Iroquois type. Scattered camps occur 

 below these, and at Montreal the early seat of the Mohawks is 

 confidently placed. Relics are not numerous there. Some distance 

 below that city in 1636 the Canadian Indians pointed out spots 

 where the Iroquois had recently lived. Prof. George H. Perkins 

 said that on the Vermont side of Lake- Champlain " remains of 

 ancient settlements are very rare, and there is no sure evidence of 

 long continued occupation of any locality near the lake." At 

 Swanton he found a cemetery with long stone tubes and native 

 copper beads, similar to those of the Mohawk valley. 



One excellent work has not been quoted, and yet deserves atten- 

 tion. This is the History of the Indian tribes of Hudson river, by 

 E. M. Ruttenber, 1872. This judiciously classifies these tribes, their 

 homes and changes, and may be consulted with great advantage, 

 and in the main with full confidence. A single error of importance 

 is one on page 69, where he identifies the Minquas with the Minsis, 

 both names being Algonquin words, and thus easily confused. 



