ABORIGINAL OCCUPATION OF NEW YORK 31 



8 South of the last site and of the river are many shell heaps in 

 the bank. 



9 An island of about lo acres in Big Choconut creek, southeast 

 of Vestal, has earthenware and a few arrowheads. 



10 Chenango, or Otsiningo, was four miles north of Binghamton, 

 in the town of Chenango and on that river. — Sullivan, p. 24. In 

 1758 there Hved three nations at Otsiningo, the Shawnees, Nanti- 

 cokes and Mohickanders. — Doc. hist. N. Y. 7 1250. Castle creek, 

 on the west side of Chenango river, was so called from the Indian 

 castle at its mouth. — -French, p. 181. Many silver ornaments were 

 found near Binghamton. — Wilkinson, p. 143. An Indian oven was 

 washed out there, on the Susquehanna. — Wilkinson, p. 220 



i.i Onoquaga was on both sides of the Susquehanna, eight miles 

 below Conihunto, and near the present Onoquaga. It was 

 destroyed in 1779. — Sullivan, p. 23. A deposit of brass kettles was 

 found at Oquaga. — Wilkinson, p. 155-56. At Oquaga, now 

 Windsor, are old apple-trees and earthworks. — French, p. 180. 

 Valuable trinkets and human bones were plowed up under the 

 apple-trees. The remains of a recent fort were seen by the first 

 settlers. — Child. Directory, 1872-73 



12 W. L. Hildburgh reports camp sites along the Tioughnioga 

 river between Chenango Forks and Whitney's Point. 



Cattaraugus county. The principal authorities to be cited on 

 Cattaraugus are A. T. Cheney, whose interesting account and plans 

 appeared in the regents report for 1859, C)r Frederick Larkin, who 

 published Ancient man in America, in 1880, and Mr Marcus Sackett, 

 who described some works in an address before the Chautauqua 

 historical society in September 1888. He has sent later notes to 

 the writer. 



I A work on a high ridge on the south side of Cattaraugus creek, 

 five miles from Lake Erie and a quarter of a mile below Big Indian 

 creek. The blufif is parallel with the first creek, pointing up stream. 

 The sides are high and abrupt, except at one place on the north 

 side, along this a wall was built for 15 or 18 rods, completely 

 closing the gap. At the northwest end the wall bends to the west. 

 The ridge is very narrow there. Fig. 84 is from a sketch by Mr 



