ABORIGINAL OCCUPATION OF NEW YORK 35 



21 In Hinsdale, about five miles north of Olean, and near the 

 west side of the creek was a circular fort of about "three acres. 

 Around it were abundant reHcs. — Larkin, p. 31. This was on 

 Peake's and Gould's land. 



22 Frank C. Dawley reports a fort at the Jackson school- 

 house, two miles northwest of Versailles, and another half way, at 

 the mouth of Castile creek. All those along Cattaraugus creek 

 are on high points, formed by tributaries of that stream. All have 

 a single and nearly straight bank, except that at the schoolhouse in 

 which there is an opening in the bank. Under the guidance of 

 Dr R. M. Evarts the writer examined the double-walled fort near 

 the Jackson schoolhouse. The walls are about 20 feet apart and 

 12 rods long. The outside or eastern ditch is deep, and the in- 

 terior one broad and shallower. The outside wall is now five or 

 six feet high from the bottom of the outer ditch^ and about four 

 feet above the inner one. The gate is at the northeast end. An- 

 other fort is at the mouth of Castile creek, a mile nearer Versailles. 



23 The Indians report four forts between Versailles and Gowanda, 

 within as many miles. 



24 On N. E. G. Cowan's land, near Rutledge, was a mound 6 

 feet high and 20 feet in diameter, in which were stone relics and 

 ashes. Nine skeletons sat in a circle, back to back. — U. S. bur, of 

 eth. 1890-91, p. 508. 



Cayuga county. The northern part of the county has few sites, 

 the Cayugas living south of Seneca river and mostly between 

 Cayuga and Owasco lakes, except a few villages in Seneca county 

 where they may have had earlier homes. . Squier mentioned a fort 

 in Brutus, which was really near Jamesville, Onondaga county. In 

 the Jesuit relations Cayuga was called Onoien in 1654. The three 

 great villages of 1668 were Cayuga at the lake, or St Joseph, 

 Thiohero or St Stephen, four French leagues from there; and 

 Onontare or St Rene, two leagues below on the river. There are 

 other notices in the Relations, In 1677 Greenhalgh said that the 

 Cayugas had three open towns, a mile apart and two or three miles 

 from Lake Tichero. In 1763 Sir William Johnson reported one 

 large village at Cayuga lake, and several thence to the Susquehanna. 



