ABORIGINAL OCCUPATION OF NEW YORK 55 



tations to be made are from a paper in Proceedings of A. A. A. S, 

 1887, p. 308. 



He knew of others on the east side of the lake and thought there 

 were others as yet unknown. There are no earthworks or mounds 

 and few graves had been found. The stone relics were of the usual 

 kinds and at that date over 20,000 had been collected. " Grooved 

 axes and nicely grooved hammers, pestles and ornaments are rare. 

 The material of which the chipped implements were made is found 

 throughout the whole region. The so-called flint is abundant in the 

 limestone of the locality. On Butler's island in Lake Champlain 

 detached pieces of the dark and striated flint, a foot or more in 

 diameter, are so driven against each other by the action of the waves 

 that their surfaces resemble the roughened surfaces of ordinary flint 

 hammers. Of copper spearheads, hatchets and gouges, about two 

 dozen have been found. These have been entirely surface or field 

 finds. Not a copper relic has yet been obtained from a dwelling 

 site. Bone awls, punches and harpoons are found only in connec- 

 tion with broken animal bones and other remains in some of the fire- 

 places. Pottery, entirely in fragments, is abundant. In fact I 

 should hardly claim a place to be a village site unless a considerable 

 amount of pottery were found in it. Pipes, both of pottery and of 

 stone, plain^ ornamented, and sometimes representing the head of a 

 iDird or of some other animal, are not very rare." 



Some of the aborigines however did not use pottery, but vessels 

 of bark. The occurrence of naturally worked flints may be com- 

 pared with the Jesuit account of the collecting of these near Crown 

 Point in 1668. The occupation of Lake Champlain before the 

 Huron war is attested by the French explorer. He saw four beauti- 

 ful islands, 10, 12 and 13 leagues in length formerly inhabited, as 

 well as the Iroquois river, by Indians, but " abandoned since they 

 had been at war the one with the other." Looking at the Green 

 Mountains, he " asked the Indians if those parts were inhabited. 

 They answered me, Yes, and that they were Iroquois, and that there 

 were in those parts beautiful valleys and fields fertile in corn." On 

 the Dutch map of 1616 the east side of the lake is termed Irocoisia.- 



