﻿REPORT 
  OF 
  THE 
  DIRECTOR 
  r93 
  

  

  Well 
  developed 
  deltas 
  were 
  studied 
  and 
  measured 
  along 
  the 
  

   stream 
  course, 
  which 
  is 
  tributary 
  to 
  the 
  Owasco 
  valley 
  from 
  the 
  east 
  

   side, 
  at 
  Moravia. 
  Two 
  distinct 
  water 
  levels 
  are 
  represented 
  ; 
  the 
  

   highest 
  one 
  has 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  1005 
  feet, 
  and 
  the 
  lower 
  one, 
  whicli 
  

   is 
  expressed 
  in 
  two 
  terraces 
  with 
  elevations 
  of 
  880 
  and 
  850 
  feet. 
  

   The 
  880 
  and 
  850 
  elevations 
  clearly 
  represent 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  Warren 
  

   waters 
  in 
  the 
  Owasco 
  valley. 
  The 
  same 
  level 
  is 
  apparently 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  at 
  Locke, 
  with 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  865 
  feet. 
  

  

  The 
  delta 
  deposits 
  on 
  Casowasco 
  and 
  Ensenore 
  creeks 
  consist 
  of 
  

   beautifully 
  stratified 
  sands 
  and 
  gravel 
  with 
  a 
  sandy 
  loam 
  for 
  the 
  

   soil 
  covering. 
  They 
  are 
  not 
  true 
  deltas, 
  but 
  that 
  they 
  represent 
  a 
  

   lake 
  level 
  at 
  that 
  elevation 
  does 
  not 
  admit 
  of 
  very 
  much 
  doubt. 
  

   Both 
  Ensenore 
  and 
  Casowasco 
  creeks 
  enter 
  Owasco 
  lake 
  from 
  the 
  

   west 
  side, 
  the 
  former 
  entering 
  about 
  three 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  

   of 
  the 
  lake, 
  and 
  the 
  latter 
  about 
  one 
  mile 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  Ensenore. 
  

   They 
  are 
  small 
  streams 
  but 
  are 
  the 
  largest 
  debouching 
  into 
  the 
  lake. 
  

   Forms 
  closely 
  resembling 
  deltas 
  were 
  seen 
  at 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  level 
  

   on 
  several 
  streams 
  entering 
  the 
  lake 
  near 
  its 
  head 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  east 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  valley. 
  When 
  occupying 
  this 
  maximum 
  level, 
  the 
  lake 
  

   was 
  some 
  21 
  miles 
  longer 
  than 
  at 
  present, 
  and 
  had 
  an 
  additional 
  

   depth 
  of 
  some 
  237 
  feet. 
  

  

  The 
  terrace 
  markings 
  of 
  both 
  the 
  Groton 
  and 
  Newberry 
  levels 
  

   are 
  at 
  best 
  but 
  faint, 
  when 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  similar 
  markings 
  of 
  

   the 
  other 
  lakes. 
  . 
  A 
  reasonable 
  explanation 
  for 
  the 
  indistinctness 
  

   of 
  these 
  shore 
  markings 
  would 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  smallness 
  of 
  

   the 
  streams 
  entering 
  at 
  that» 
  time, 
  and 
  also, 
  the 
  briefness 
  of 
  the 
  

   lake's 
  existence 
  at 
  these 
  two 
  stages. 
  Furthermore, 
  after 
  the 
  ice 
  had 
  

   uncovered 
  Ensenore 
  creek 
  it 
  had 
  only 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  some 
  10 
  miles 
  

   or 
  less 
  of 
  northward 
  recession, 
  before 
  its 
  waters 
  would 
  fall 
  to 
  the 
  

   Newberry 
  level 
  and 
  coalesce 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Ithaca 
  lake 
  on 
  the 
  

   west, 
  inasmuch 
  as 
  the 
  divide 
  between 
  Caynga 
  and 
  Owasco 
  lakes 
  

   lowers 
  very 
  rapidly 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  after 
  passing 
  Ensenore 
  creek. 
  

   Therefore, 
  the 
  delta 
  accumulations 
  representing 
  the 
  Groton 
  level 
  

   must 
  be 
  proportional 
  to 
  the 
  time 
  which 
  the 
  ice 
  w^ould 
  require 
  in 
  

   retreating 
  to 
  a 
  point 
  less 
  than 
  10 
  miles 
  north, 
  when 
  the 
  Newberry 
  

   level 
  would 
  become 
  established 
  in 
  the 
  Owasco 
  basin, 
  which 
  from 
  

   an 
  absence 
  of 
  morainal 
  deposits 
  and 
  other 
  conditions 
  as 
  w^ell, 
  in- 
  

   dicate 
  a 
  rather 
  rapid 
  recession. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  a 
  noteworthy 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  terraces 
  found 
  below 
  the 
  Newberry 
  

   level 
  reached 
  a 
  much 
  better 
  stage 
  of 
  development, 
  and 
  are 
  in 
  most 
  

  

  