﻿rl3G 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  drift, 
  and 
  is 
  cutting 
  into 
  the 
  countrj 
  rock. 
  It 
  emerges 
  from 
  its 
  

   ravine 
  at 
  the 
  lake 
  edge 
  and 
  lias 
  built 
  out 
  a 
  small 
  delta. 
  

  

  Taughannock 
  creek, 
  nearly 
  opposite, 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  largest 
  ravine 
  in 
  

   this 
  section. 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  water 
  fall 
  of 
  215 
  feet 
  and 
  below 
  the 
  fall 
  has 
  

   a 
  depth 
  of 
  nearly 
  400 
  feet. 
  The 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  valley 
  is 
  pre- 
  

   glacial, 
  and 
  as 
  it 
  enters 
  the 
  postglacial 
  portion 
  the 
  stream 
  turns 
  

   sharply 
  to 
  the 
  southeast 
  for 
  a 
  short 
  distance, 
  then 
  resumes 
  its 
  

   northeast 
  course 
  to 
  the 
  lake. 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  hundred 
  yards 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  of, 
  and 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  gorge, 
  is 
  

   a 
  sharp 
  depression 
  in 
  the 
  topography, 
  dying 
  out 
  as 
  it 
  nears 
  the 
  lake 
  

   and 
  beginning 
  just 
  below 
  the 
  bend 
  in 
  the 
  stream. 
  

  

  Two 
  tiny 
  streams, 
  dry 
  except 
  in 
  wet 
  weather, 
  have 
  cut 
  this 
  

   depression 
  to 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  50 
  feet 
  at 
  one 
  place 
  and 
  have 
  not 
  reached 
  

   the 
  rock, 
  while 
  the 
  drift, 
  covering 
  all 
  about 
  here, 
  is 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  

   10 
  to 
  25 
  feet 
  deep. 
  This 
  is 
  distinctly 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  preglacial 
  

   stream 
  of 
  Taughannock 
  creek, 
  it 
  having 
  been 
  turned 
  off 
  at 
  the 
  

   bend 
  by 
  drift. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  mouths 
  of 
  all 
  these 
  larger 
  creeks 
  are 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  three 
  or 
  

   more 
  terraces 
  of 
  stratified 
  drift. 
  They 
  were 
  evidently 
  deposited 
  in 
  

   water 
  by 
  the 
  streams 
  after 
  the 
  drift 
  had 
  been 
  laid 
  down 
  by 
  the 
  

   retreat 
  of 
  the 
  ice. 
  

  

  Mr 
  E,. 
  F. 
  Livingston, 
  of 
  Cornell 
  university, 
  has 
  presented 
  a 
  paper 
  

   on 
  their 
  origin. 
  

  

  The 
  next 
  stream 
  of 
  importance 
  here 
  is 
  Payne's 
  creek, 
  about 
  a 
  

   mile 
  south 
  of 
  Aurora. 
  It 
  enters 
  the 
  lake 
  flowing 
  a 
  little 
  west 
  of 
  

   north. 
  It 
  is 
  in 
  a 
  distinctly 
  preglacial 
  valley. 
  As 
  the 
  stream 
  leaves 
  

   the 
  ravine, 
  it 
  enters 
  a 
  flat 
  area 
  terminated 
  southward 
  by 
  the 
  drift 
  

   covered 
  rocks 
  rising 
  gently 
  to 
  a 
  considerable 
  height, 
  and 
  extending 
  

   northward 
  several 
  hundred 
  yards, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  crossed 
  by 
  a 
  smaller 
  

   stream 
  flowing 
  in 
  a 
  southwest 
  direction. 
  It 
  is 
  bounded 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  

   by 
  the 
  ground 
  rising 
  much 
  more 
  gently 
  than 
  it 
  does 
  at 
  the 
  south. 
  

  

  Beginning 
  at 
  this 
  gorge 
  and 
  running 
  northward 
  about 
  70 
  feet 
  

   above 
  the 
  lake 
  is 
  a 
  terrace 
  of 
  differential 
  disintegration, 
  a 
  level 
  

   break 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  upward 
  slope 
  of 
  the 
  land, 
  which 
  fades 
  out 
  as 
  

   the 
  shore 
  cliff 
  rises 
  two 
  miles 
  away. 
  On 
  this 
  area 
  the 
  drift 
  is 
  much 
  

   thinner 
  than 
  below 
  it, 
  but, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  cut 
  into 
  by 
  a 
  stream 
  at 
  only 
  one 
  

   place, 
  it 
  could 
  not 
  be 
  satisfactorily 
  investigated. 
  

  

  Continuing 
  up 
  Payne's 
  creek 
  attention 
  is 
  drawn 
  to 
  the 
  width 
  of 
  

   the 
  valley 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  fiat 
  bottom, 
  completely 
  covered 
  by 
  a 
  strati- 
  

  

  