﻿rl38 
  NEW 
  YOKK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  At 
  Cayuga, 
  about 
  one 
  mile 
  from 
  the 
  outlet, 
  the 
  shores 
  are 
  much 
  

   lower 
  and 
  more 
  muddy, 
  the 
  highest 
  ground 
  for 
  some 
  distance 
  from 
  

   the 
  lake 
  being 
  about 
  100 
  feet. 
  

  

  Eastward 
  from 
  Cayuga 
  are 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  glacial 
  hills 
  typical 
  of 
  this 
  

   region. 
  They 
  are 
  well 
  illustrated 
  by 
  two 
  ridges 
  which 
  the 
  road 
  cuts 
  

   through. 
  

  

  These 
  are 
  about 
  400 
  feet 
  apart 
  ; 
  they 
  bear 
  about 
  North 
  8° 
  West 
  

   and 
  are, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  can 
  be 
  observed, 
  entirely 
  unstratified. 
  They 
  con- 
  

   sist 
  of 
  glacial 
  material, 
  scratched 
  boulders, 
  gravel 
  and 
  clay, 
  all 
  

   mixed 
  confusedly 
  together 
  and 
  showing 
  signs 
  of 
  having 
  been 
  

   pressed 
  together. 
  They 
  are 
  each 
  about 
  a 
  quarter 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  in 
  

   length, 
  the 
  northern 
  ends 
  are 
  very 
  steep, 
  while 
  the 
  southern 
  

   extremity 
  gradually 
  fades 
  away. 
  The 
  bases 
  are 
  200 
  feet 
  wide, 
  and 
  

   the 
  smoothly 
  rounded 
  sides 
  rise 
  steeply 
  to 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  50 
  feet. 
  

  

  Looking 
  in 
  any 
  direction 
  from 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  ridges, 
  the 
  

   whole 
  country 
  is 
  seen 
  to 
  be 
  covered 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  type 
  of 
  hills 
  of 
  

   various 
  sizes. 
  To 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  southeast 
  about 
  four 
  miles, 
  rises 
  

   the 
  rock 
  ridge 
  which 
  forms 
  the 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  lake 
  from 
  Union 
  Springs 
  

   southward. 
  These 
  drumlinoid 
  hills 
  stretch 
  clear 
  to 
  its 
  foot. 
  

  

  As 
  to 
  their 
  origin, 
  they 
  present 
  all 
  the 
  features 
  of 
  drumlins 
  

   except 
  that 
  the 
  longer 
  axis 
  is 
  greatly 
  exaggerated, 
  and 
  their 
  history 
  

   is 
  probably 
  much 
  the 
  same. 
  Perhaps 
  for 
  some 
  reason 
  the 
  ice 
  had 
  a 
  

   more 
  rapid 
  motion 
  here 
  and 
  the 
  drumlins 
  were 
  drawn 
  out. 
  Or, 
  a 
  

   more 
  rapid 
  melting 
  of 
  the 
  ice, 
  (and 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  reasons 
  for 
  

   believing 
  that 
  it 
  melted 
  very 
  rapidly 
  in 
  this 
  valley), 
  might 
  account 
  

   for 
  their 
  great 
  length. 
  

  

  Over 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  shore, 
  the 
  sauie 
  features 
  are 
  seen. 
  The 
  rock 
  

   hills 
  are 
  farther 
  back 
  and 
  the 
  ground 
  between 
  them 
  and 
  the 
  lake 
  is 
  

   covered 
  with 
  drumlins. 
  

  

  Northward 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  lake, 
  stretch 
  the 
  Montezuma 
  

   marshes. 
  

  

  These 
  constitute 
  a 
  low 
  flat 
  area, 
  tilling 
  the 
  valley 
  and 
  widening 
  

   northward 
  for 
  seven 
  miles 
  to 
  Montezuma 
  — 
  then 
  stretching 
  off 
  to 
  the 
  

   north 
  and 
  east. 
  Through 
  them 
  flows 
  the 
  Seneca 
  river 
  which 
  drains 
  

   Seneca 
  and 
  Cayuga 
  lakes 
  and 
  empties 
  into 
  the 
  Oswego. 
  The 
  surface 
  

   is 
  a 
  thick 
  peaty 
  mat 
  beneath 
  which 
  is 
  a 
  layer 
  of 
  impure 
  marl 
  of 
  

   varying 
  thickness. 
  The 
  underlying 
  rock 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  Salina 
  

   group 
  and 
  numerous 
  salt 
  and 
  iron 
  springs 
  reach 
  the 
  surface. 
  The 
  

  

  